# 0057 — `xx`-to-Any variadic arg inside an imported-module function segfaults

## ✅ RESOLVED

Root cause: when lowering a variadic-pack call (`lowerPackCall` in
`src/ir/lower.zig`), the pack args were lowered with whatever `self.target_type`
happened to be set to from the surrounding context. For a bare arg this is
harmless (`inferExprType` ignores `target_type`), but `xx <expr>`'s result type
IS `target_type` — so `format("…", xx i)` inside a `-> string` function cast the
int to `string`, monomorphized `__pack_string`, and ABI-coerced the 4-byte int
as a 16-byte string fat pointer → memory corruption. (Inline it happened to work
because `target_type` was null there; the imported-module path left it set.)

Fix: clear `self.target_type` (save/restore) around the pack-arg lowering loop —
a pack arg is independently typed (comptime `..$args` auto-boxes to `Any`; a
value pack takes its element/protocol type), never coerced to a leftover outer
target. Regression: `examples/242-xx-any-pack-cross-module.sx` (+ companion
`242-xx-any-pack-cross-module/fmt.sx`). Gates: zig build, zig build test, 279
examples pass. The original symptom/repro/investigation notes are kept below.

## Symptom

A `format(...)` / `print(...)` call whose variadic arg is an **explicit `xx`
cast to `Any`** segfaults at runtime (`__platform_memmove`, an Any-box/string
copy corruption) **when the call is inside a function defined in an imported
module**. The identical code works (a) inline in the main file, and (b) in an
imported module if the arg is passed *without* `xx` (auto-boxed).

- **Observed:** `Segmentation fault at address 0x1...` in `__platform_memmove`,
  via `runJITFromObject` (target.zig:244). Crashes for any int width (s32, u64).
- **Expected:** prints the formatted string, same as the auto-boxed / inline
  forms.

## Reproduction

`library/modules/zz_repro.sx`:

```sx
#import "std.sx";

build :: (n: s32) -> string {
    result := "x:\n";
    i : s32 = 0;
    while i < n {
        line := format("  item {}\n", xx i);   // <-- xx cast to Any is the trigger
        result = concat(result, line);
        i = i + 1;
    }
    result;
}
```

Driver (e.g. `.sx-tmp/repro.sx`):

```sx
#import "modules/std.sx";
m :: #import "modules/zz_repro.sx";
main :: () -> s32 { print("[{}]", m.build(2)); return 0; }
```

Run: `./zig-out/bin/sx run .sx-tmp/repro.sx` → segfault.

### Isolation (what is / isn't the trigger)

- **Auto-box works:** change `xx i` → `i` in the module → prints fine.
- **Inline works:** put the same `build` body (with `xx i`) directly in the
  driver's `main` (no import) → prints fine.
- **Width-independent:** `xx` on an `s32` or a `u64` both crash.
- So the trigger is specifically: **explicit `xx <int>` → Any as a variadic
  `format`/`print` arg, in a function that lives in an imported module.**

The crash blocked ERR step E3.3 (`library/modules/trace.sx`), whose
`trace.to_string()` formatted each frame with `format("... {}\n", i, xx frame)`
where `frame : u64` — exactly this pattern. (Dropping the `xx` would dodge it,
but per the project STOP rule that workaround is not taken; the trace formatter
waits on this fix.)

## Investigation prompt

The bug is in how an explicit `xx`-to-`Any` cast lowers for a variadic argument
when the enclosing function is monomorphized/emitted as part of an **imported
module** (vs the root module). Auto-boxing (the implicit `T → Any` coercion at
the variadic call site) produces correct code; the explicit `xx` path does not,
but only across the module boundary — strongly suggesting the `xx`→`Any`
box (`box_any` / `boxAny` in `src/ir/lower.zig` + `src/ir/emit_llvm.zig`'s
`.box_any` arm) emits a value/width that the variadic-pack marshalling
(`any_to_string` / the `#insert build_format` arg materialization in
`library/modules/std.sx`) then `memmove`s incorrectly — possibly a stale
`source_type`, a pointer-vs-value confusion, or the imported-module emit losing
the box's type so the fat-pointer/string copy reads garbage.

Suspected area:
- `src/ir/lower.zig`: the `unary_op .xx` → `coerceToType(..., .any)` /
  `boxAny` path, and how variadic args are collected for `format`/`print`
  (`build_format` / the `..$args` pack). Compare the IR for the inline vs
  imported-module versions (`sx ir` on each) — the diff at the `xx i` arg site
  is the lead.
- `src/ir/emit_llvm.zig`: `.box_any` (≈ line 3258) — `coerceToI64` /
  `anyTag(source_type)`. Check whether the imported-module path supplies a
  wrong `source_type` (e.g. `.unresolved` / `.void`) so the tag/width is off.

Verification: run the reproduction above; expect `[x:\n  item 0\n  item 1\n]`
(no segfault). Then re-confirm the auto-box and inline forms still work, and
that `xx` on a non-Any target (e.g. `xx ptr` to integer) is unaffected.

Once fixed, ERR E3.3 resumes: restore `library/modules/trace.sx` (the
`trace.to_string()` / `print_current()` formatter) using the `xx frame` form,
and complete the E3.3 step (example + snapshot + commit).
