feat(asm): Phase B.0 — validate asm shape in the compile path

Restructures the .asm_expr lowering arm into lowerAsmExpr, which validates the
asm shape with specific named diagnostics BEFORE the not-yet-implemented codegen
bail, so the user sees the real problem first. Two checklist items enforced:

- template must be a compile-time-known string ("..." or #string), not a
  runtime expression;
- an asm with no value outputs must be `volatile` (else its effects could be
  deleted) — mirrors Zig's rule.

Valid shapes still bail with the "codegen not yet implemented" message. Result-
type derivation + the operand auto-naming rule stay deferred to Phase C, where a
real IR op makes the result type observable/testable.

Locked with 1641-platform-asm-missing-volatile (the volatile error) and
1642-platform-asm-nop-volatile (no-output + volatile accepted → codegen bail).

zig build test green (650 corpus, 445 unit).

examples/1641-platform-asm-missing-volatile.sx

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// ASM stream Phase B — an asm with no value outputs yields no result, so its
+// effects could be deleted unless it is marked `volatile`. This omits
+// `volatile` ⇒ a compile error. Pins that diagnostic (mirrors Zig's rule).
+// Called from `main` so lowering reaches the asm body.
+nope :: () { asm { "nop" }; }
+main :: () { nope(); }

examples/1642-platform-asm-nop-volatile.sx

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// ASM stream Phase B — the no-output form IS accepted when `volatile` is
+// present: validation passes, and lowering then bails on the not-yet-
+// implemented codegen (Phases C–E). Confirms the volatile rule's positive side.
+nop :: () { asm volatile { "nop" }; }
+main :: () { nop(); }

examples/expected/1641-platform-asm-missing-volatile.exit

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1

examples/expected/1641-platform-asm-missing-volatile.stderr

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+error: asm expression with no outputs must be marked `volatile`
+  --> examples/1641-platform-asm-missing-volatile.sx:5:14
+   |
+ 5 | nope :: () { asm { "nop" }; }
+   |              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^

examples/expected/1641-platform-asm-missing-volatile.stdout

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+

examples/expected/1642-platform-asm-nop-volatile.exit

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1

examples/expected/1642-platform-asm-nop-volatile.stderr

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+error: inline assembly codegen is not yet implemented (ASM stream: lowering + emit land in Phases C–E)
+  --> examples/1642-platform-asm-nop-volatile.sx:4:13
+   |
+ 4 | nop :: () { asm volatile { "nop" }; }
+   |             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

examples/expected/1642-platform-asm-nop-volatile.stdout

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+