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lang: introduce cstring — the C-boundary string (Odin model)

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cstring is ONE pointer to a null-terminated u8 buffer, C's char*: thin
(8 bytes, no length; cstring_len walks to the terminator), crossing
#foreign boundaries verbatim in both directions, with ?cstring as the
nullable case lowering to the same bare pointer (null = absent).

Conversion discipline mirrors Odin: a string LITERAL coerces implicitly
(its bytes are terminated constants); any other string is rejected with
a diagnostic naming to_cstring (it may be an unterminated view); and
cstring never coerces to string implicitly — from_cstring(c) is the
explicit zero-copy view, pricing the strlen.

Plumbing: TypeId/TypeInfo builtin slot 18 (first_user 19), name
classifiers, size/align/name tables, LLVM ptr lowering, the ?T pointer
niche, the xx pointer ladder, the literal-gated coercion plan
(isConstString + data_ptr), and the reserved-spelling set. std gains
cstring_len/from_cstring/to_cstring (fmt.sx, re-exported); the old
cstring(size) allocator helper is renamed alloc_string everywhere;
getenv migrates to (name: cstring) -> ?cstring as the canonical user
and env() drops its manual strlen/memcpy.

Pinned: examples/1222 (FFI both directions, literal coercion,
?cstring null paths, round trip) and examples/1173 (both coercion
diagnostics); FAIL pre-feature. The alloc_string rename + getenv
signature shift the .ir snapshots — regenerated. zig build test
426/426; run_examples 604/604.

Spec: reserved spelling + cstring section + C-interop rows.
This commit is contained in:
agra
2026-06-12 14:50:53 +03:00
parent d88bdd7242
commit 1d17b0abcf
58 changed files with 26437 additions and 25257 deletions
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20
library/modules/std/process.sx
View File

@@ -24,8 +24,7 @@ popen :: (cmd: [:0]u8, mode: [:0]u8) -> *void #foreign libc;
pclose :: (stream: *void) -> i32 #foreign libc;
fread :: (ptr: [*]u8, size: usize, nmemb: usize, stream: *void) -> usize #foreign libc;
feof :: (stream: *void) -> i32 #foreign libc;
getenv :: (name: [:0]u8) -> *u8 #foreign libc;
strlen :: (s: *u8) -> usize #foreign libc;
getenv :: (name: cstring) -> ?cstring #foreign libc;
system :: (cmd: [:0]u8) -> i32 #foreign libc;
// ── Public types ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ run :: (cmd: [:0]u8) -> ?ProcessResult {
if cast(i64) f == 0 { return null; }
out := "";
buf := cstring(4096);
buf := alloc_string(4096);
loop := true;
while loop {
n := fread(buf.ptr, 1, 4096, f);
@@ -84,14 +83,11 @@ run :: (cmd: [:0]u8) -> ?ProcessResult {
// Read an environment variable. Returns null if unset; an empty
// string if set to "".
env :: (name: [:0]u8) -> ?string {
p := getenv(name);
addr : i64 = xx p;
if addr == 0 { return null; }
n := strlen(p);
if n == 0 { return ""; }
buf := cstring(cast(i64) n);
memcpy(buf.ptr, xx p, cast(i64) n);
buf
p := getenv(to_cstring(name));
if p == null { return null; }
v := from_cstring(p!);
if v.len == 0 { return ""; }
substr(v, 0, v.len)
}
// Locate an executable by walking `$PATH`. Returns the absolute path
@@ -103,7 +99,7 @@ find_executable :: (name: [:0]u8) -> ?string {
// (executable names like `codesign`, `javac`, `aapt2`).
cmd := concat("command -v ", name);
// Need null-terminated for popen.
cmd_z := cstring(cmd.len);
cmd_z := alloc_string(cmd.len);
memcpy(cmd_z.ptr, cmd.ptr, cmd.len);
if r := run(cmd_z) {
if r.exit_code != 0 { return null; }