refactor: canonical failable syntax (T, !) — remove the bare -> T ! sugar
The trailing-`!`-after-the-value-type spelling (`-> T !`, `-> Tuple(A,B) !`) was a
redundant second way to write a failable return that the parser folded into the
same AST as the parenthesized `(T, !)` / `(A, B, !)` result list. Remove it so
there is ONE canonical spelling: the error channel always rides as the last slot
of the parenthesized list.
- parser: `parseFnReturnType` no longer folds a trailing `!` after a value type —
it rejects it with a located diagnostic ("a failable return is written `(T, !)`
… not `T !`"). This one chokepoint covers fn declarations, lambdas, fn-pointer
types `(A) -> R`, and closure types `Closure(A) -> R`. The error-ONLY `-> !` /
`-> !ErrSet` form is unaffected (parsed by parseTypeExpr as an error_type_expr).
- migrated every usage to canonical form across library/ + examples/ + issues/ +
tests/: `-> T !E` → `-> (T, !E)`; the value-carrying `-> Tuple(A, B) !` (which
FLATTENED to a multi-value failable) → `-> (A, B, !)`, preserving behavior. A
genuine single-tuple-value failable stays `-> (Tuple(A,B), !)`.
- parser unit tests: the "bare form folds" tests become "bare form is rejected";
canonical-form parse tests retained.
- docs: specs.md §12 + scattered refs and readme.md updated to the `(T, !)` form.
Behavior-preserving (the bare form was sugar for the same AST). Adversarial review
confirmed: rejection complete across all positions, every canonical form works on
both success/error paths, error-only `-> !` intact, no crashes. Full suite green
(unit tests + 850 corpus examples).
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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// Generic value-carrying failable functions (`($T) -> T !E`) whose body ends in
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// Generic value-carrying failable functions (`($T) -> (T, !E)`) whose body ends in
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// a trailing success EXPRESSION (no explicit `return`) must set the success
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// error slot to 0 — the caller's `catch` must NOT fire and the value must be
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// intact across instantiations (i64 / string / struct), and `or` must yield the
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@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ E :: error { Bad }
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Point :: struct { x: i64; y: i64; }
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// Generic trailing-expression success — instantiated at i64 / string / struct.
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gen :: ($T: Type, v: T) -> T !E { v }
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gen :: ($T: Type, v: T) -> (T, !E) { v }
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// Generic that RAISES — the caller's catch must still fire.
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gfail :: ($T: Type, v: T, bad: bool) -> T !E {
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gfail :: ($T: Type, v: T, bad: bool) -> (T, !E) {
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if bad { raise error.Bad; }
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v
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}
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