fix(std): render integer formatter extremes — i64::MIN and unsigned all-ones [F0.8]

Resolves issue 0090. The `{}` integer formatter mis-rendered both ends of
the 64-bit range:

- `int_to_string` computed the magnitude as `0 - n`, which overflows for
  `s64::MIN` (its magnitude is unrepresentable as a positive s64) — the
  value stayed negative, the digit loop ran zero times, so only `-`
  printed. It now extracts digits straight from `n` (per-digit
  `|n % 10|`, `n` truncating toward zero), never negating MIN.

- `any_to_string`'s `case int:` formatted every integer as s64, so a u64
  all-ones value printed as `-1`. There was no `uint` type-category to
  distinguish signedness. Added an additive `type_is_unsigned(T)`
  reflection builtin (static fold + dynamic interp/LLVM paths, mirroring
  `type_name`), backed by the new `TypeTable.isUnsignedInt` predicate, and
  a `uint_to_string` formatter (unsigned decimal via long-division over
  four 16-bit limbs). `case int:` routes through `type_is_unsigned(type)`.

The 16-bit-limb split is factored into a shared `decompose_u16x4`, now
reused by `int_to_hex_string` (no second unsigned-math routine).

Regression: examples/0046-basic-int-formatter-extremes pins both extremes
plus a width spread; unit tests cover `isUnsignedInt`. Docs (specs.md
representation note, readme std API) updated for unsigned/extreme `{}`
behavior. IR snapshots refreshed for the two new std functions.

src/backend/llvm/ops.zig

@@ -1064,6 +1064,27 @@ pub const Ops = struct {
                 const eq_res = c.LLVMBuildICmp(self.e.builder, c.LLVMIntEQ, a, b, "te.eq");
                 self.e.mapRef(eq_res);
             },
+            .type_is_unsigned => {
+                // Dynamic `type_is_unsigned(t)`: extract the TypeId from
+                // the arg (Any-boxed Type → value field, or bare i64
+                // index), GEP into the `__sx_type_is_unsigned` table, load
+                // the i1. Mirrors the `type_name` runtime lookup.
+                const arg_ref = bi.args[0];
+                const arg_val = self.e.resolveRef(arg_ref);
+                const tid_idx = switch (self.e.reflectArgRepr(arg_ref)) {
+                    .unresolved => @panic("type_is_unsigned: reflection arg IR-type unresolved — a type-resolution failure reached LLVM emission without a diagnostic"),
+                    .boxed => c.LLVMBuildExtractValue(self.e.builder, arg_val, 1, "tiu.tid"),
+                    .bare => arg_val,
+                };
+                const arr_global = self.e.reflection().getOrBuildTypeIsUnsignedArray();
+                const arr_len = self.e.type_is_unsigned_array_len;
+                const arr_ty = c.LLVMArrayType(self.e.cached_i1, arr_len);
+                const zero = c.LLVMConstInt(self.e.cached_i64, 0, 0);
+                var indices = [2]c.LLVMValueRef{ zero, tid_idx };
+                const gep = c.LLVMBuildInBoundsGEP2(self.e.builder, arr_ty, arr_global, &indices, 2, "tiu.gep");
+                const result = c.LLVMBuildLoad2(self.e.builder, self.e.cached_i1, gep, "tiu.load");
+                self.e.mapRef(result);
+            },
             .has_impl => {
                 // Runtime has_impl needs a protocol-map
                 // snapshot — not wired yet. Silent false for

src/backend/llvm/reflection.zig

@@ -60,6 +60,36 @@ pub const Reflection = struct {
         return global;
     }
 
+    /// Lazy global `[N x i1]` indexed by `TypeId.index()`: 1 where the type is
+    /// an unsigned integer. Built on the first dynamic `type_is_unsigned(t)`
+    /// call site; the runtime arm GEPs in at the boxed TypeId and loads the bit.
+    /// Derives every entry from `TypeTable.isUnsignedInt` — the single
+    /// signedness source-of-truth, so no per-index magic lives in the emitter.
+    pub fn getOrBuildTypeIsUnsignedArray(self: Reflection) c.LLVMValueRef {
+        if (self.e.type_is_unsigned_array) |g| return g;
+
+        const n: u32 = @intCast(self.e.ir_mod.types.infos.items.len);
+        var field_vals = std.ArrayList(c.LLVMValueRef).empty;
+        defer field_vals.deinit(self.e.alloc);
+        var i: u32 = 0;
+        while (i < n) : (i += 1) {
+            const tid = TypeId.fromIndex(i);
+            const bit: u64 = if (self.e.ir_mod.types.isUnsignedInt(tid)) 1 else 0;
+            field_vals.append(self.e.alloc, c.LLVMConstInt(self.e.cached_i1, bit, 0)) catch unreachable;
+        }
+
+        const arr_ty = c.LLVMArrayType(self.e.cached_i1, n);
+        const arr_init = c.LLVMConstArray(self.e.cached_i1, field_vals.items.ptr, n);
+        const global = c.LLVMAddGlobal(self.e.llvm_module, arr_ty, "__sx_type_is_unsigned");
+        c.LLVMSetInitializer(global, arr_init);
+        c.LLVMSetGlobalConstant(global, 1);
+        c.LLVMSetLinkage(global, c.LLVMPrivateLinkage);
+
+        self.e.type_is_unsigned_array = global;
+        self.e.type_is_unsigned_array_len = n;
+        return global;
+    }
+
     /// Build (or return cached) a global constant array of {ptr, i64} string values
     /// for the field names of a struct type.
     pub fn getOrBuildFieldNameArray(self: Reflection, struct_type: TypeId) c.LLVMValueRef {