docs(lang): precise reserved-name rule — member-name positions are EXEMPT [F0.6]

AGRA RULING (issue 0089, attempt 7): bare reserved-name MEMBER positions are
intentionally exempt from the reserved-type-name rule, and the implementation
already does the right thing — this is a docs + one-example change, no code.

The exempt member positions are struct FIELD names, union TAG names, and protocol
method-SIGNATURE names: they sit in a member slot, are reached via obj.name (or
dispatched by string), and are never type-classified, so they never mis-lower.
The backtick is optional there. The exemption stops at member DEFINITIONS: an
impl method is a real function (reached through the impl_block -> fn_decl arm), so
a reserved-spelled impl method still needs the backtick, exactly like a free
function (cf. examples/1122) — and every bare reserved-name value binding /
declaration name still errors (0076 preserved).

- specs.md / readme.md: replace the "every binding site" / "any binding site"
  overclaim with the precise rule — required positions (value bindings +
  declaration names + impl method definitions) vs the exempt member-name
  positions (field / tag / protocol signature; backtick optional).
- examples/0158-types-reserved-name-member-exempt.sx: pins the exempt behavior —
  bare reserved-name struct fields + union tag read & written bare AND via
  backtick, and a protocol with a bare reserved-name method dispatched through
  the protocol (impl definition takes the backtick).
- issues/0089: document the member-name exemption in the RESOLVED banner + add
  0158 to the regression list.

Gate: zig build, zig build test, bash tests/run_examples.sh — all green
(430 passed, 0 failed, 0 timed out).
This commit is contained in:
agra
2026-06-04 22:17:53 +03:00
parent 724a919fc1
commit d14e29be02
7 changed files with 118 additions and 16 deletions

View File

@@ -106,14 +106,19 @@ z : s32 = ---; // uninitialized
```
Builtin type names (`s2`, `u8`, `bool`, `string`, …) are reserved and a *bare*
spelling can't be used as an identifier at **any** binding site — a value binding
(`:=` / typed local / parameter), a `::` constant or function declaration, or a
`::` type declaration (`struct` / `enum` / `union` / alias / `protocol` / …) — each
is an error (`s2 :: 5` and `s2 :: (n) { … }` are rejected just like `s2 := 5`). A
leading backtick escapes one into a **raw identifier**: `` `name `` is the literal
identifier `name` (the backtick drops out of the text), usable in **every**
position — value, declaration, and type. It is the only way handwritten sx can
spell a reserved name.
spelling can't be used as an identifier at a **value-binding or declaration-name**
site — a value binding (`:=` / typed local / parameter), a `::` constant or
function declaration, an `impl` method definition, or a `::` type declaration
(`struct` / `enum` / `union` / alias / `protocol` / …) — each is an error
(`s2 :: 5` and `s2 :: (n) { … }` are rejected just like `s2 := 5`). **Member-name
positions are exempt**: a struct *field*, a union *tag*, and a protocol
*method-signature* may be a bare reserved spelling (`struct { s2: s64 }`,
`union { u8: … }`, `protocol { s2 :: (self) }`) — they are reached via `obj.name`,
so they never mis-lower. A leading backtick escapes one into a **raw identifier**:
`` `name `` is the literal identifier `name` (the backtick drops out of the text),
usable in **every** position — value, declaration, and type, and optional in the
exempt member positions. It is the only way handwritten sx can spell a reserved
name in a binding or declaration site.
```sx
`s2 := 2.5; // identifier "s2", distinct from the s2 type