diff --git a/examples/0736-modules-namespaced-only-bare-not-visible.sx b/examples/0736-modules-namespaced-only-bare-not-visible.sx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c3a595
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/0736-modules-namespaced-only-bare-not-visible.sx
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Bare-name visibility under a NAMESPACED-only import (regression, issue 0106).
+// `a.sx` is imported only as `m :: #import` — its top-level `secret` is reachable
+// ONLY as `m.secret`. A BARE `secret()` must error: bare-name visibility joins
+// over the FLAT import edges (`flat_import_graph`), and a namespaced alias is not
+// a flat edge. (Before the fix, `isNameVisible` walked `import_graph`, which also
+// records namespaced edges, so the bare call silently resolved.)
+m :: #import "0736-modules-namespaced-only-bare-not-visible/a.sx";
+
+main :: () -> s32 {
+    x := secret();
+    0
+}
diff --git a/examples/0736-modules-namespaced-only-bare-not-visible/a.sx b/examples/0736-modules-namespaced-only-bare-not-visible/a.sx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..088e199
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/0736-modules-namespaced-only-bare-not-visible/a.sx
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+secret :: () -> s64 { 7 }
diff --git a/examples/0737-modules-insert-bare-not-visible.sx b/examples/0737-modules-insert-bare-not-visible.sx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b32cdb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/0737-modules-insert-bare-not-visible.sx
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// A bare name inside a USER `#insert <expr>` is visibility-checked in the
+// USER's module, not skipped (regression, issue 0106). `a.sx` is imported only
+// as `m :: #import` — its top-level `secret` is reachable ONLY as `m.secret`.
+// A BARE `secret()` driving a `#insert` must error just like any other bare
+// reference into a namespaced-only import: `#insert` expansion does NOT exempt
+// user-typed code from visibility. (Library metaprograms like `std.print` keep
+// working because their bodies lower in their OWN module's context — see
+// `monomorphizePackFn` / `lowerComptimeCall` pinning `current_source_file` to
+// the body's defining module — not because `#insert` is exempt.)
+m :: #import "0737-modules-insert-bare-not-visible/a.sx";
+
+main :: () -> s32 {
+    #insert secret();
+    0
+}
diff --git a/examples/0737-modules-insert-bare-not-visible/a.sx b/examples/0737-modules-insert-bare-not-visible/a.sx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb0f652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/0737-modules-insert-bare-not-visible/a.sx
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+secret :: () -> string { "leaked := 1;" }
diff --git a/examples/0738-modules-comptime-arg-caller-context.sx b/examples/0738-modules-comptime-arg-caller-context.sx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8a192b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/0738-modules-comptime-arg-caller-context.sx
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// A caller-owned helper passed as a comptime-ONLY `$`-arg to a NAMESPACED
+// imported metaprogram resolves in the CALLER's visibility context — not the
+// metaprogram's defining module (regression, issue 0106 follow-up).
+//
+// `emit` is reachable only as `m.emit`; the comptime arg `caller_name()` is
+// authored HERE in the caller. When `emit` splices that arg into its `#insert`
+// body and lowers it, the bare name `caller_name` must stay visible in the
+// caller's context. Before the fix, the body's defining-module pin also covered
+// the substituted caller arg, so `caller_name` was wrongly checked against
+// `emit.sx` and rejected as "not visible". The metaprogram's OWN code still
+// resolves in `emit.sx` (where `concat`/`print` are flat-imported), so this
+// stays compatible with the 0106 defining-context pin.
+//
+// Comptime-ONLY: `caller_name()` is evaluated at compile time and its value is
+// embedded as a literal in the generated `print(...)` statement — it is never
+// materialized at runtime (so this does NOT exercise issue 0107).
+m :: #import "0738-modules-comptime-arg-caller-context/emit.sx";
+
+caller_name :: () -> string { return "world"; }
+
+main :: () -> s32 {
+    m.emit(caller_name());
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/examples/0738-modules-comptime-arg-caller-context/emit.sx b/examples/0738-modules-comptime-arg-caller-context/emit.sx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96cd33c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/0738-modules-comptime-arg-caller-context/emit.sx
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Library metaprogram: builds a `print(...)` statement at compile time from the
+// comptime `$who` value. `concat`/`print` are flat-imported here and resolve in
+// THIS module's context (the 0106 defining-module pin). The substituted caller
+// `$`-arg, by contrast, resolves in the CALLER's context.
+#import "modules/std.sx";
+
+emit :: ($who: string) {
+    #insert concat(concat("print(\"hello ", who), "\\n\");");
+}
diff --git a/examples/0739-modules-comptime-pack-arg-caller-context.sx b/examples/0739-modules-comptime-pack-arg-caller-context.sx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a84c3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/0739-modules-comptime-pack-arg-caller-context.sx
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Caller-owned helpers passed as VARIADIC comptime-pack args (`..$args`) to a
+// NAMESPACED imported metaprogram resolve in the CALLER's visibility context —
+// not the metaprogram's defining module (regression, issue 0106 follow-up).
+//
+// `std.print :: ($fmt: string, ..$args)` is authored in `std.sx`; the pack args
+// `caller_num()` / `caller_two()` are authored HERE in the caller. The body's
+// typed `args[i]` substitution (via packArgNodeAt) lowers each pack arg under
+// the metaprogram's defining-module pin, so without stamping the pack-arg nodes
+// with the caller's source, the bare names `caller_num` / `caller_two` were
+// wrongly checked against `std.sx` and rejected as "not visible". The fixed
+// comptime param (`$fmt`) already got this treatment; this extends it to every
+// node in the variadic pack. The metaprogram's OWN code (build_format / out)
+// still resolves in `std.sx`, so the defining-context pin stays intact.
+//
+// Two pack positions lock that EVERY pack arg is stamped, not just the first.
+// s64 values only — accepted by print at runtime today (no 0107/0108 coupling).
+std :: #import "modules/std.sx";
+
+caller_num :: () -> s64 { return 42; }
+caller_two :: () -> s64 { return 7; }
+
+main :: () -> s32 {
+    std.print("{} {}\n", caller_num(), caller_two());
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/examples/expected/0736-modules-namespaced-only-bare-not-visible.exit b/examples/expected/0736-modules-namespaced-only-bare-not-visible.exit
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d00491f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/expected/0736-modules-namespaced-only-bare-not-visible.exit
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1
diff --git a/examples/expected/0736-modules-namespaced-only-bare-not-visible.stderr b/examples/expected/0736-modules-namespaced-only-bare-not-visible.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6eeb6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/expected/0736-modules-namespaced-only-bare-not-visible.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+error: 'secret' is not visible; #import the module that declares it
+  --> examples/0736-modules-namespaced-only-bare-not-visible.sx:10:10
+   |
+10 |     x := secret();
+   |          ^^^^^^
diff --git a/examples/expected/0736-modules-namespaced-only-bare-not-visible.stdout b/examples/expected/0736-modules-namespaced-only-bare-not-visible.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b13789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/expected/0736-modules-namespaced-only-bare-not-visible.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
diff --git a/examples/expected/0737-modules-insert-bare-not-visible.exit b/examples/expected/0737-modules-insert-bare-not-visible.exit
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d00491f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/expected/0737-modules-insert-bare-not-visible.exit
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1
diff --git a/examples/expected/0737-modules-insert-bare-not-visible.stderr b/examples/expected/0737-modules-insert-bare-not-visible.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..faa432e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/expected/0737-modules-insert-bare-not-visible.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+error: 'secret' is not visible; #import the module that declares it
+  --> examples/0737-modules-insert-bare-not-visible.sx:13:13
+   |
+13 |     #insert secret();
+   |             ^^^^^^
diff --git a/examples/expected/0737-modules-insert-bare-not-visible.stdout b/examples/expected/0737-modules-insert-bare-not-visible.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b13789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/expected/0737-modules-insert-bare-not-visible.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
diff --git a/examples/expected/0738-modules-comptime-arg-caller-context.exit b/examples/expected/0738-modules-comptime-arg-caller-context.exit
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..573541a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/expected/0738-modules-comptime-arg-caller-context.exit
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+0
diff --git a/examples/expected/0738-modules-comptime-arg-caller-context.stderr b/examples/expected/0738-modules-comptime-arg-caller-context.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b13789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/expected/0738-modules-comptime-arg-caller-context.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
diff --git a/examples/expected/0738-modules-comptime-arg-caller-context.stdout b/examples/expected/0738-modules-comptime-arg-caller-context.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b18e51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/expected/0738-modules-comptime-arg-caller-context.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+hello world
diff --git a/examples/expected/0739-modules-comptime-pack-arg-caller-context.exit b/examples/expected/0739-modules-comptime-pack-arg-caller-context.exit
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..573541a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/expected/0739-modules-comptime-pack-arg-caller-context.exit
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+0
diff --git a/examples/expected/0739-modules-comptime-pack-arg-caller-context.stderr b/examples/expected/0739-modules-comptime-pack-arg-caller-context.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b13789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/expected/0739-modules-comptime-pack-arg-caller-context.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
diff --git a/examples/expected/0739-modules-comptime-pack-arg-caller-context.stdout b/examples/expected/0739-modules-comptime-pack-arg-caller-context.stdout
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1be21da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/expected/0739-modules-comptime-pack-arg-caller-context.stdout
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+42 7
diff --git a/issues/0106-namespaced-import-bare-visibility-over-permissive.md b/issues/0106-namespaced-import-bare-visibility-over-permissive.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f7f24a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/issues/0106-namespaced-import-bare-visibility-over-permissive.md
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+# 0106 — namespaced-import internal names are silently bare-visible (over-permissive `isNameVisible`)
+
+> **RESOLVED** (flow stdlib/B attempt-3 — root fix, no exemption). Two coupled
+> changes:
+>
+> 1. **Tightened bare visibility to the flat edge set.** `isNameVisible` /
+>    `isCImportVisible` now route through the unified `isVisible` predicate over
+>    `user_bare_flat` / `c_import_bare` (both join over `flat_import_graph`, not
+>    `import_graph`). A namespaced-only import's internal name is no longer
+>    bare-visible — face #1 now errors `'<name>' is not visible; #import the
+>    module that declares it`.
+> 2. **Pin the defining-module context during pack/comptime monomorphization.**
+>    The flat tightening alone broke `std.print` / `log.*`: a library metaprogram's
+>    body (`#insert build_format(fmt)` comptime call + the `#insert "out(result);"`
+>    inserted statement) was lowered under the CALL SITE's `current_source_file`,
+>    so its bare names (`build_format`, `out`, `emit`) were policed against the
+>    consumer's imports. **Root cause:** `monomorphizePackFn` (bare `print` /
+>    `format`) and `lowerComptimeCall` (namespaced `std.print` / `log.*`, reached
+>    via the field-access `hasComptimeParams` branch) lower the metaprogram body
+>    without pinning the source context — unlike a normal function, which lowers
+>    via `lowerFunctionBodyInto` pinning `func.source_file`. **Fix:** both paths
+>    now save/set/restore `current_source_file` to the body's DEFINING module
+>    before lowering the body (the call-site ARGS are lowered first, in the
+>    caller's context, which is correct). The defining path is stamped onto each
+>    function body node by `resolveImports` (`stampFnBodySource`, mirroring how a
+>    declared function carries `Function.source_file`). So the metaprogram's bare
+>    `build_format` / `out` / `emit` resolve in `std.sx` / `log.sx` naturally —
+>    and a USER's `#insert <expr>` is still checked in the USER's context, so a
+>    bare reach into a namespaced-only import there errors. **No `#insert`
+>    exemption** (attempt-2's `in_insert_expansion` flag is deleted): the fix is
+>    the absence of an exemption, not a narrower one.
+> 3. **Substituted caller `$`-args resolve in the CALLER's context** (attempt-5).
+>    The point-2 defining-module pin covers the metaprogram body's OWN code only.
+>    A caller-provided comptime `$`-arg (e.g. a caller-owned helper passed to an
+>    imported metaprogram) is spliced into the body by `substituteComptimeNodes`;
+>    those nodes are CALLER-authored and must resolve in the caller's visibility
+>    context, not the callee's. **Fix:** the `$`-arg node is stamped with the
+>    caller's `source_file` at the `cpn` build site (`lowerComptimeCall` /
+>    `monomorphizePackFn`, `stampCallerSource`), and `lowerExpr` switches
+>    `current_source_file` to a node's `source_file` when present — so the
+>    substituted subtree resolves against the caller while the surrounding callee
+>    code keeps the defining-module pin. Regression:
+>    `examples/0738-modules-comptime-arg-caller-context.sx` (caller-owned helper
+>    as a comptime-only `$`-arg through a namespaced import; fail-before
+>    "'caller_name' is not visible" → pass-after "hello world").
+>
+> Root cause: `isNameVisible` walked `import_graph` (flat AND namespaced edges)
+> where a bare name should join only over `flat_import_graph`; and the pack /
+> comptime monomorphizers lowered the metaprogram body under the wrong source
+> context.
+> Regressions: `examples/0736-modules-namespaced-only-bare-not-visible.sx` (+
+> `0736-…/a.sx`) — face #1 pinned (exit 1 + the stderr);
+> `examples/0737-modules-insert-bare-not-visible.sx` (+ `0737-…/a.sx`) — a USER
+> `#insert secret()` into a namespaced-only import errors (fail-before exit 0 on
+> the attempt-2 exemption / pass-after exit 1). Face #2 restored WITHOUT an
+> exemption: `examples/0015 / 0700 / 0718 / 1030` pass again (`run_examples`
+> 471 → 474, incl. the attempt-5 caller-context regression `0738`). Fix in `src/ir/lower.zig` (`monomorphizePackFn` +
+> `lowerComptimeCall` source-context pin; exemption removed) + `src/imports.zig`
+> (`stampFnBodySource`) + `src/ir/resolver.zig` (`VisibilityMode` modes, landed in
+> attempt-1).
+
+**Symptom.** A bare reference to a top-level name authored in a module that the
+consumer imports **only namespaced** (`ns :: #import "m.sx"`) is silently
+visible from the consumer. Observed: it compiles + runs. Expected: an error —
+the name is reachable only as `ns.name`. Root: `Lowering.isNameVisible` walks
+`program_index.import_graph`, which records BOTH flat (`#import`) and namespaced
+(`ns :: #import`) edges; bare-name visibility should join only over FLAT edges
+(`flat_import_graph`). This is the latent 0102-family visibility bug the Phase B
+caller-mode audit (unified-resolver R5) was told to surface.
+
+This **directly gates flow `stdlib/B`**: that step requires migrating
+`isNameVisible`/`isCImportVisible` to the resolver's `user_bare_flat`/
+`c_import_bare` modes (which walk `flat_import_graph`) **byte-identically**.
+Switching the edge set drops `run_examples` from 471 → 467 (see face #2), so the
+byte-identical requirement cannot hold until this bug is fixed.
+
+## Reproduction — face #1 (user-facing over-permissiveness)
+
+```sx
+// m.sx
+secret :: () -> s64 { 7 }
+```
+
+```sx
+// main.sx
+m :: #import "m.sx";
+main :: () -> s32 {
+    x := secret();   // bare; `secret` is only namespaced-imported as `m.secret`
+    0
+}
+```
+
+- **Observed** (current master): compiles, runs, exit `0` — bare `secret`
+  wrongly resolves to `m`'s author.
+- **Expected**: `error: 'secret' is not visible; #import the module that
+  declares it` (it is reachable only as `m.secret`).
+
+(With the Phase-B edge-set change applied — `isNameVisible` over
+`flat_import_graph` — this repro correctly errors, confirming the diagnosis.)
+
+## Reproduction — face #2 (library comptime entanglement: why a naive fix breaks std)
+
+```sx
+// main.sx
+std :: #import "modules/std.sx";
+main :: () -> s32 {
+    std.print("hello\n");   // legit qualified call
+    0
+}
+```
+
+`print` in `std.sx` is a comptime metaprogram:
+
+```sx
+print :: ($fmt: string, ..$args) {
+    #insert build_format(fmt);   // comptime call to a std-internal fn
+    #insert "out(result);";       // inserts a bare call to a std-internal fn
+}
+```
+
+The comptime call to `build_format` and the inserted `out(result)` are bare
+names **authored in std.sx**, but they are visibility-checked in the
+**consumer's** `current_source_file` context (comptime / `#insert` expansion
+happens at the call site). Today they pass only because `import_graph[consumer]`
+contains the namespaced `std` edge. Tightening bare visibility to
+`flat_import_graph` makes them error
+(`'build_format' / 'out' is not visible`). The same shape breaks `log` (`emit`).
+Affected examples when the edge set is switched to flat:
+`0015-basic-demo`, `0700-modules-import`, `0718-modules-cli-exit-json`,
+`1030-errors-log-and-comptime` (467/471).
+
+## Root cause (suspected area)
+
+- `Lowering.isNameVisible` / `isCImportVisible` — `src/ir/lower.zig` (~1768-1840
+  after the Phase-B refactor; `visibleOverEdges` / `nameVisibleOverEdges`). The
+  cross-module join uses `import_graph` (flat **and** namespaced edges) where it
+  should use `flat_import_graph` for a bare name.
+- Comptime / `#insert` expansion context: the inserted/comptime-evaluated bare
+  calls of a namespaced module's function are policed against the **consumer's**
+  imports, not the **defining module's** own scope. The existing visibility
+  check already exempts UFCS-alias rewrites and mangled local names as "compiler
+  indirections" (`lower.zig` call site ~7284, identifier site ~3237); inserted /
+  comptime-generated bare calls are the same kind of indirection and are not
+  yet exempt — or, equivalently, the expansion should restore the defining
+  module's `current_source_file`.
+
+## Investigation prompt (paste into a fresh session)
+
+> Fix issue 0106: `isNameVisible` over-permits bare references to a
+> namespaced-only import's internal names. Two coupled changes, in this order:
+>
+> 1. **Library-internal context.** Ensure a namespaced/comptime-expanded
+>    function's body — including `#insert`ed statements and comptime calls like
+>    `build_format` inside `std.print` — is visibility-checked in its **defining
+>    module's** context, OR exempt compiler-generated / `#insert`ed bare calls
+>    from the visibility check (mirror the UFCS-alias / mangled-name exemptions
+>    at `src/ir/lower.zig` ~7284 and ~3237). Verify with the face-#2 repro and
+>    examples `0015 / 0700 / 0718 / 1030`.
+> 2. **Tighten bare visibility to flat.** Change `isNameVisible` (and the
+>    `c_import_bare` fall-through of `isCImportVisible`) to join over
+>    `flat_import_graph` instead of `import_graph` — i.e. route them through the
+>    resolver's `user_bare_flat` / `c_import_bare` modes (this is exactly Phase B
+>    of the unified-resolver R5 plan; `src/ir/resolver.zig` already defines the
+>    modes and `Lowering.visibleOverEdges` already takes a `.flat` / `.all`
+>    selector). Verify the face-#1 repro now errors.
+>
+> Acceptance: the face-#1 repro errors ("not visible"); `bash tests/run_examples.sh`
+> is back to 471 `ok` with bare visibility on the flat edge set; add the face-#1
+> repro as a pinned regression (`issues/0106-…` with an `expected/` marker, or
+> promote to `examples/07xx-modules-…`). Suspected files: `src/ir/lower.zig`
+> (visibility + comptime/#insert expansion context), `src/ir/resolver.zig`
+> (`user_bare_flat` / `c_import_bare`).
diff --git a/readme.md b/readme.md
index 7ddb706..2ec540a 100644
--- a/readme.md
+++ b/readme.md
@@ -399,6 +399,13 @@ function in the caller's module (or in its single flat import that provides it).
 A bare call to a name that two or more flat imports both provide is ambiguous and
 is rejected; qualify it with a namespaced import (`m :: #import …; m.fn()`).
 
+A **namespaced** import only binds its alias: reach the module's members as
+`m.name`. Bare-name visibility joins over flat (`#import "…"`) imports only,
+never over a namespaced alias. Bare references to a namespaced-only import's
+members are being phased out as the resolver migration lands and do not yet
+resolve uniformly across name kinds — qualify them as `m.name` to stay correct
+across releases.
+
 ### Implicit Context
 
 Every program gets an implicit `context` with a default allocator:
diff --git a/src/imports.zig b/src/imports.zig
index 98bca89..5ebdc3d 100644
--- a/src/imports.zig
+++ b/src/imports.zig
@@ -509,8 +509,9 @@ pub const NamespaceEdges = std.StringHashMap(std.StringHashMap(NamespaceTarget))
 
 /// The `RawDeclRef` a top-level node carries, or null when the node is not a
 /// selectable named declaration (e.g. `impl_block`, `var_decl`, `ufcs_alias`,
-/// a flat `c_import_decl`).
-fn rawDeclRefOf(decl: *const Node) ?RawDeclRef {
+/// a flat `c_import_decl`). Public so the unified resolver's namespace collector
+/// can classify a `NamespaceTarget.own_decls` node without re-deriving the map.
+pub fn rawDeclRefOf(decl: *const Node) ?RawDeclRef {
     return switch (decl.data) {
         .fn_decl => |*d| .{ .fn_decl = d },
         .const_decl => |*d| .{ .const_decl = d },
@@ -590,6 +591,25 @@ fn reportDuplicateName(diagnostics: ?*errors.DiagnosticList, added: bool, name:
     diags.addFmt(.err, span, "duplicate top-level declaration '{s}'", .{name});
 }
 
+/// Stamp the DEFINING module path onto a function body node, so a later
+/// pack/comptime monomorphization can pin `current_source_file` to the body's
+/// own module and resolve its bare names in that module's visibility context
+/// (issue 0106) — mirroring how a normally-declared function carries
+/// `Function.source_file`. Only top-level decl Nodes are otherwise stamped, so
+/// the body Node would carry no source; a null body source after this means a
+/// synthesized/sourceless decl (the monomorphizer then keeps its caller's
+/// context, the legitimate fall-open).
+fn stampFnBodySource(decl: *Node, file_path: []const u8) void {
+    switch (decl.data) {
+        .fn_decl => |fd| fd.body.source_file = file_path,
+        .const_decl => |cd| switch (cd.value.data) {
+            .fn_decl => |fd| fd.body.source_file = file_path,
+            else => {},
+        },
+        else => {},
+    }
+}
+
 /// `reportDuplicateName` keyed off a node whose `declName()` carries the name
 /// (the regular authored-decl sites; an `import_decl` has no `declName`, so a
 /// namespace alias must use `reportDuplicateName` with the alias directly).
@@ -745,6 +765,7 @@ pub fn resolveImports(
         }
         if (decl.data != .import_decl) {
             decl.source_file = file_path;
+            stampFnBodySource(decl, file_path);
             reportDuplicateDecl(diagnostics, try mod.addOwnDecl(allocator, &decl_list, &own_decl_list, &seen_in_list, decl), decl);
             continue;
         }
diff --git a/src/ir/ir.zig b/src/ir/ir.zig
index ceb0000..fd39d88 100644
--- a/src/ir/ir.zig
+++ b/src/ir/ir.zig
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ pub const print = @import("print.zig");
 pub const interp = @import("interp.zig");
 pub const lower = @import("lower.zig");
 pub const program_index = @import("program_index.zig");
+pub const resolver = @import("resolver.zig");
 pub const type_resolver = @import("type_resolver.zig");
 pub const packs = @import("packs.zig");
 pub const expr_typer = @import("expr_typer.zig");
@@ -75,6 +76,7 @@ pub const print_tests = @import("print.test.zig");
 pub const interp_tests = @import("interp.test.zig");
 pub const lower_tests = @import("lower.test.zig");
 pub const program_index_tests = @import("program_index.test.zig");
+pub const resolver_tests = @import("resolver.test.zig");
 pub const type_resolver_tests = @import("type_resolver.test.zig");
 pub const packs_tests = @import("packs.test.zig");
 pub const expr_typer_tests = @import("expr_typer.test.zig");
diff --git a/src/ir/lower.zig b/src/ir/lower.zig
index ed02032..4d0a488 100644
--- a/src/ir/lower.zig
+++ b/src/ir/lower.zig
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ const interp_mod = @import("interp.zig");
 const errors = @import("../errors.zig");
 const jni_descriptor = @import("jni_descriptor.zig");
 const program_index_mod = @import("program_index.zig");
+const resolver_mod = @import("resolver.zig");
 const ProgramIndex = program_index_mod.ProgramIndex;
 const GlobalInfo = program_index_mod.GlobalInfo;
 const StructTemplate = program_index_mod.StructTemplate;
@@ -110,6 +111,30 @@ const CleanupEntry = struct {
     binding: ?[]const u8 = null,
 };
 
+/// Pure non-transitive visibility walk: `name` is visible from `source` when
+/// it's in `source`'s own scope or in any module reachable over one `graph`
+/// edge. The core of the lowering visibility predicate, exposed so a unit test
+/// can exercise the edge-walk without standing up a whole `Lowering`. Falls open
+/// (true) when `scopes`/`graph` are null (scoping infra unwired).
+pub fn nameVisibleOverEdges(
+    scopes: ?*std.StringHashMap(std.StringHashMap(void)),
+    graph: ?*std.StringHashMap(std.StringHashMap(void)),
+    source: []const u8,
+    name: []const u8,
+) bool {
+    const sc = scopes orelse return true;
+    const own_scope = sc.get(source) orelse return true;
+    if (own_scope.contains(name)) return true;
+    const g = graph orelse return true;
+    const direct = g.get(source) orelse return true;
+    var it = direct.iterator();
+    while (it.next()) |kv| {
+        const dep = sc.get(kv.key_ptr.*) orelse continue;
+        if (dep.contains(name)) return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 // ── Lowering ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 pub const Lowering = struct {
@@ -1765,45 +1790,71 @@ pub const Lowering = struct {
         // null-FuncId path (`lowerFunction`), which runs after all types resolve.
     }
 
+    /// The unified non-transitive `#import` visibility predicate, parameterized
+    /// by `VisibilityMode`. `isNameVisible` / `isCImportVisible` are thin
+    /// adapters over it.
+    ///
+    /// This is the lowering-side GATE: it walks `module_scopes` (the per-file
+    /// name set) joined over the edge set the mode selects. It is distinct from
+    /// `resolver.collectVisibleAuthors`, which collects raw AUTHORS over
+    /// `module_decls` — the single graph-walk that lives in `resolver.zig`. The
+    /// two read different facts (name set vs author refs) for different jobs, so
+    /// the gate's own iterator stays here, not in the resolver.
+    ///
+    /// `module_scopes[F]` holds ONLY the names authored in F (plus its namespace
+    /// aliases); cross-module visibility is joined here at query time. Doing the
+    /// join at lookup (instead of pre-merging in `resolveImports`) lets cyclic
+    /// imports like std.sx ↔ allocators.sx still resolve, since the cycle's
+    /// skipped edge is still recorded in the graph and the partner's scope is
+    /// filled in by the time lowering queries it.
+    fn isVisible(self: *Lowering, name: []const u8, vis: resolver_mod.VisibilityMode) bool {
+        switch (vis) {
+            // Registration / lazy lowering paths don't police user visibility.
+            .lowering_internal => return true,
+            // Transitive visibility is ProtocolResolver.findVisibleImpls' job;
+            // this predicate is single-hop only.
+            .impl_transitive => @panic("isVisible: transitive visibility is owned by findVisibleImpls"),
+            .c_import_bare => {
+                // Foreign-C gate: only C-import fn_decls without a library_ref
+                // are policed; a non-foreign body or a library-bound foreign
+                // decl is unconditionally visible.
+                const fd = self.program_index.fn_ast_map.get(name) orelse return true;
+                if (fd.body.data != .foreign_expr) return true;
+                if (fd.body.data.foreign_expr.library_ref != null) return true;
+                return self.visibleOverEdges(name, .flat);
+            },
+            .user_bare_flat => return self.visibleOverEdges(name, .flat),
+            .legacy_direct_any => return self.visibleOverEdges(name, .all),
+        }
+    }
+
+    const VisEdgeSet = enum { flat, all };
+
+    /// Resolve the mode's edge set and run the per-file visibility walk. Falls
+    /// open (visible) when the scoping infrastructure isn't wired (comptime
+    /// callers, directory imports without main_file, etc.). The caller is
+    /// responsible for restricting the check to names that ARE known top-level
+    /// decls; otherwise every local variable would be policed.
+    fn visibleOverEdges(self: *Lowering, name: []const u8, edges: VisEdgeSet) bool {
+        const source = self.current_source_file orelse return true;
+        const graph = switch (edges) {
+            .flat => self.program_index.flat_import_graph,
+            .all => self.program_index.import_graph,
+        };
+        return nameVisibleOverEdges(self.program_index.module_scopes, graph, source, name);
+    }
+
     /// Check if a C-imported function is visible from the current source file.
-    /// Returns true for non-C functions (always visible) or if no scoping info available.
+    /// Returns true for non-C functions (always visible) or if no scoping info
+    /// available. Byte-identical adapter over `isVisible`.
     fn isCImportVisible(self: *Lowering, fn_name: []const u8) bool {
-        const fd = self.program_index.fn_ast_map.get(fn_name) orelse return true;
-        // Only restrict C import fn_decls: foreign_expr with no library_ref
-        if (fd.body.data != .foreign_expr) return true;
-        if (fd.body.data.foreign_expr.library_ref != null) return true;
-        return self.isNameVisible(fn_name);
+        return self.isVisible(fn_name, .c_import_bare);
     }
 
     /// Non-transitive `#import` visibility check for top-level decls.
-    ///
-    /// `module_scopes[F]` holds ONLY the names authored in file F (plus its
-    /// namespace aliases). Cross-module visibility is joined here at query
-    /// time by walking each direct flat-import edge in `import_graph` — a
-    /// name is visible from F when it's authored in F or in any module F
-    /// directly `#import`s. Doing the join here (instead of pre-merging in
-    /// `resolveImports`) lets cyclic imports like std.sx ↔ allocators.sx
-    /// still resolve, since the cycle's skipped edge is still recorded in
-    /// `import_graph` and the partner's scope is filled in by the time
-    /// lowering queries it.
-    ///
-    /// Falls open when the scoping infrastructure isn't wired (comptime
-    /// callers, directory imports without main_file, etc.). The caller is
-    /// responsible for restricting the call to names that ARE known
-    /// top-level decls; otherwise every local variable would be policed.
+    /// Byte-identical adapter over `isVisible`.
     fn isNameVisible(self: *Lowering, name: []const u8) bool {
-        const scopes = self.program_index.module_scopes orelse return true;
-        const source = self.current_source_file orelse return true;
-        const own_scope = scopes.get(source) orelse return true;
-        if (own_scope.contains(name)) return true;
-        const graph = self.program_index.import_graph orelse return true;
-        const direct = graph.get(source) orelse return true;
-        var it = direct.iterator();
-        while (it.next()) |kv| {
-            const dep = scopes.get(kv.key_ptr.*) orelse continue;
-            if (dep.contains(name)) return true;
-        }
-        return false;
+        return self.isVisible(name, .user_bare_flat);
     }
 
     /// Lazily lower a function body on demand. Called when lowerCall can't find
@@ -3075,6 +3126,17 @@ pub const Lowering = struct {
         const saved_span = self.builder.current_span;
         defer self.builder.current_span = saved_span;
         if (node.span.start != 0 or node.span.end != 0) self.builder.current_span = .{ .start = node.span.start, .end = node.span.end };
+        // A node carrying an explicit `source_file` is one spliced into a body
+        // from another module — a substituted caller comptime-`$`-arg (stamped
+        // at the `cpn` build site in lowerComptimeCall / monomorphizePackFn).
+        // Resolve its bare names in THAT module's visibility context, overriding
+        // the body's defining-module pin, then restore so sibling callee nodes
+        // keep the enclosing context. Ordinary expression nodes never carry a
+        // `source_file`, so this is a no-op on the hot path.
+        const restore_source = node.source_file != null;
+        const saved_source = self.current_source_file;
+        if (node.source_file) |sf| self.setCurrentSourceFile(sf);
+        defer if (restore_source) self.setCurrentSourceFile(saved_source);
         return switch (node.data) {
             // Bare `$<pack>` in expression position → an `[]Type` slice
             // value where each element is a `const_type(arg_types[i])`.
@@ -9569,11 +9631,23 @@ pub const Lowering = struct {
                 if (param.is_comptime and call_arg_idx <= call_node.args.len) {
                     pack_arg_name = param.name;
                     pack_arg_slice = call_node.args[call_arg_idx..];
+                    // Stamp each pack arg with the caller's source so the
+                    // body's typed `args[i]` substitution (via packArgNodeAt,
+                    // lowered under the defining-module pin set below) resolves
+                    // its bare names in the CALLER's visibility context — the
+                    // same treatment the fixed comptime params get below.
+                    // Without it a caller-owned helper passed to an imported
+                    // metaprogram (`std.print("{}", caller_fn())`) resolves
+                    // under the callee's module and is reported "not visible".
+                    for (call_node.args[call_arg_idx..]) |pack_arg| {
+                        self.stampCallerSource(pack_arg);
+                    }
                 }
                 break; // variadic is always the last param
             }
             if (call_arg_idx >= call_node.args.len) break;
             if (param.is_comptime) {
+                self.stampCallerSource(call_node.args[call_arg_idx]);
                 cpn.put(param.name, call_node.args[call_arg_idx]) catch {};
                 call_arg_idx += 1;
             } else {
@@ -9626,6 +9700,19 @@ pub const Lowering = struct {
             self.pack_arg_nodes = saved_pan;
         }
 
+        // Pin the lowering to the metaprogram's OWN module for the body (and
+        // its return type + anything it `#insert`s, e.g. `build_format` / `out`
+        // / `emit` inside `std.print` / `log.*`), so those bare names resolve
+        // in the defining module's visibility context rather than the call
+        // site's (issue 0106). The call-site ARGS above are deliberately lowered
+        // BEFORE this, in the caller's context. Mirrors `lowerFunctionBodyInto`,
+        // which switches to `func.source_file`. The defining path is stamped on
+        // the body node by `resolveImports`; a sourceless body keeps the
+        // caller's context.
+        const saved_source = self.current_source_file;
+        defer self.setCurrentSourceFile(saved_source);
+        if (fd.body.source_file) |src| self.setCurrentSourceFile(src);
+
         // Lower the body — capture return value for functions with return type
         const ret_ty = self.resolveReturnType(fd);
         if (ret_ty != .void) {
@@ -10803,6 +10890,7 @@ pub const Lowering = struct {
             if (p.is_comptime) {
                 if (ct_arg_idx < call_node.args.len) {
                     const call_arg = call_node.args[ct_arg_idx];
+                    self.stampCallerSource(call_arg);
                     cpn.put(p.name, call_arg) catch return;
                     // Bind as a runtime local for bare-name access.
                     // Lower the call arg as a value, then alloca + store.
@@ -10849,6 +10937,18 @@ pub const Lowering = struct {
         // concrete per-position types.
         self.materialisePackSlice(&scope, pack_name, pack_param_slots.items, arg_types);
 
+        // Pin to the metaprogram's OWN module for the BODY lowering only, so its
+        // bare names (and anything it `#insert`s — e.g. `build_format` / `out` /
+        // `emit` inside `std.print`) resolve in the defining module's visibility
+        // context, not the call site's (issue 0106). The comptime-param call-site
+        // args above were deliberately lowered FIRST, in the caller's context.
+        // Mirrors `lowerFunctionBodyInto`, which switches to `func.source_file`;
+        // the defining path is stamped on the body node by `resolveImports`. A
+        // synthesized/sourceless body keeps the caller's context.
+        const saved_source = self.current_source_file;
+        defer self.setCurrentSourceFile(saved_source);
+        if (fd.body.source_file) |src| self.setCurrentSourceFile(src);
+
         if (ret_ty != .void) {
             const body_val = self.lowerBlockValue(fd.body);
             if (!self.currentBlockHasTerminator()) {
@@ -15069,6 +15169,18 @@ pub const Lowering = struct {
         if (self.diagnostics) |d| d.current_source_file = source_file;
     }
 
+    /// Stamp a caller-provided comptime `$`-arg node with the caller's source
+    /// file. When the node is later substituted into the (defining-module-pinned)
+    /// metaprogram body and lowered, lowerExpr's per-node source switch resolves
+    /// its bare names in the CALLER's visibility context — not the callee's — so
+    /// a caller-owned helper passed to an imported metaprogram stays visible.
+    /// Only stamps a node with no source yet, and only when the caller context
+    /// is known; an unknown caller source leaves the node's fall-open intact.
+    fn stampCallerSource(self: *Lowering, node: *Node) void {
+        if (node.source_file != null) return;
+        if (self.current_source_file) |src| node.source_file = src;
+    }
+
     fn emitError(self: *Lowering, name: []const u8, span: ?ast.Span) Ref {
         if (self.diagnostics) |diags| {
             // The literal message carries the lowering's `current_source_file`
diff --git a/src/ir/resolver.test.zig b/src/ir/resolver.test.zig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3618cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ir/resolver.test.zig
@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+// Tests for resolver.zig — the shared author-collection layer (Phase B).
+//
+// collectVisibleAuthors is exercised over REAL Phase A facts (parse →
+// resolveImports → buildImportFacts, the exact path core.zig drives) plus one
+// synthetic diamond fixture for pointer-identity dedup. The visibility-adapter
+// tests pin the nameVisibleOverEdges edge-walk that isNameVisible /
+// isCImportVisible run on top of — including the user_bare_flat vs the
+// over-permissive legacy_direct_any distinction.
+
+const std = @import("std");
+const ast = @import("../ast.zig");
+const parser = @import("../parser.zig");
+const imports = @import("../imports.zig");
+const errors = @import("../errors.zig");
+const resolver = @import("resolver.zig");
+const lower = @import("lower.zig");
+const pi = @import("program_index.zig");
+const ProgramIndex = pi.ProgramIndex;
+
+var g_test_threaded: ?std.Io.Threaded = null;
+fn testIo() std.Io {
+    if (g_test_threaded == null) {
+        g_test_threaded = std.Io.Threaded.init(std.heap.page_allocator, .{});
+    }
+    return g_test_threaded.?.io();
+}
+
+const Graph = std.StringHashMap(std.StringHashMap(void));
+
+/// Parse `main_path`, resolve its imports, build the raw facts, and ALSO keep
+/// the import / flat-import graphs (the collectors need them). `alloc` must be
+/// an arena that outlives the returned views.
+const Facts = struct {
+    decls: imports.ModuleDecls,
+    ns_edges: imports.NamespaceEdges,
+    import_graph: Graph,
+    flat_import_graph: Graph,
+};
+
+fn buildFacts(alloc: std.mem.Allocator, io: std.Io, absdir: []const u8, main_path: []const u8) !Facts {
+    const main_bytes = try std.Io.Dir.readFileAlloc(.cwd(), io, main_path, alloc, .limited(1 << 20));
+    const main_source = try alloc.dupeZ(u8, main_bytes);
+    var p = parser.Parser.init(alloc, main_source);
+    const root = p.parse() catch return error.ParseFailed;
+
+    var diags = errors.DiagnosticList.init(alloc, main_source, main_path);
+    var chain = std.StringHashMap(void).init(alloc);
+    var cache = imports.ModuleCache.init(alloc);
+    var import_graph = Graph.init(alloc);
+    var flat_import_graph = Graph.init(alloc);
+    const stdlib_paths = [_][]const u8{};
+
+    const mod = try imports.resolveImports(
+        alloc,
+        io,
+        root,
+        absdir,
+        main_path,
+        &chain,
+        &cache,
+        null,
+        &diags,
+        &stdlib_paths,
+        &import_graph,
+        &flat_import_graph,
+        .{},
+    );
+
+    const facts = try imports.buildImportFacts(alloc, main_path, mod, &cache);
+    return .{
+        .decls = facts.decls,
+        .ns_edges = facts.ns_edges,
+        .import_graph = import_graph,
+        .flat_import_graph = flat_import_graph,
+    };
+}
+
+fn tag(ref: resolver.RawDeclRef) std.meta.Tag(resolver.RawDeclRef) {
+    return std.meta.activeTag(ref);
+}
+
+// ── collectVisibleAuthors ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// own author present; two distinct flat authors both returned RAW; and the
+// user_bare_flat edge set EXCLUDES a namespaced-only import that the quarantined
+// legacy_direct_any set still reaches.
+test "resolver: collectVisibleAuthors — own author, two distinct flat authors, namespaced edge excluded" {
+    var arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(std.testing.allocator);
+    defer arena.deinit();
+    const alloc = arena.allocator();
+    const io = testIo();
+
+    var tmp = std.testing.tmpDir(.{});
+    defer tmp.cleanup();
+
+    try tmp.dir.writeFile(io, .{ .sub_path = "a.sx", .data = "dup :: () -> s64 { 1 }\n" });
+    try tmp.dir.writeFile(io, .{ .sub_path = "b.sx", .data = "dup :: () -> s64 { 2 }\n" });
+    try tmp.dir.writeFile(io, .{ .sub_path = "p.sx", .data = "secret :: () -> s64 { 9 }\n" });
+    try tmp.dir.writeFile(io, .{ .sub_path = "main.sx", .data = "#import \"a.sx\";\n#import \"b.sx\";\ng :: #import \"p.sx\";\nselfauthored :: () -> s64 { 0 }\nmain :: () -> s32 { 0 }\n" });
+
+    var dirbuf: [4096]u8 = undefined;
+    const absdir = dirbuf[0..try tmp.dir.realPath(io, &dirbuf)];
+    const main_path = try std.fmt.allocPrint(alloc, "{s}/main.sx", .{absdir});
+
+    var facts = try buildFacts(alloc, io, absdir, main_path);
+
+    var idx = ProgramIndex.init(alloc);
+    defer idx.deinit();
+    idx.module_decls = &facts.decls;
+    idx.flat_import_graph = &facts.flat_import_graph;
+    idx.import_graph = &facts.import_graph;
+
+    var r = resolver.Resolver.init(&idx, alloc);
+
+    // Own author (declared in main itself).
+    const own_set = r.collectVisibleAuthors("selfauthored", main_path, .user_bare_flat);
+    try std.testing.expect(own_set.own != null);
+    try std.testing.expectEqualStrings(main_path, own_set.own.?.source);
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), own_set.flat.len);
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 1), own_set.distinctCount());
+
+    // Two distinct flat authors of `dup` (a.sx and b.sx), returned raw.
+    const dup_set = r.collectVisibleAuthors("dup", main_path, .user_bare_flat);
+    try std.testing.expect(dup_set.own == null);
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 2), dup_set.flat.len);
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 2), dup_set.distinctCount());
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(std.meta.Tag(resolver.RawDeclRef).fn_decl, tag(dup_set.flat[0].raw));
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(std.meta.Tag(resolver.RawDeclRef).fn_decl, tag(dup_set.flat[1].raw));
+    try std.testing.expect(dup_set.flat[0].raw.fn_decl != dup_set.flat[1].raw.fn_decl);
+
+    // `secret` is authored only in p.sx, imported NAMESPACED (`g :: #import`).
+    // user_bare_flat must NOT see it (p.sx is not a flat edge)...
+    const flat_secret = r.collectVisibleAuthors("secret", main_path, .user_bare_flat);
+    try std.testing.expect(flat_secret.own == null);
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), flat_secret.flat.len);
+
+    // ...but the quarantined legacy_direct_any set (import_graph) still reaches
+    // it — the exact over-permissiveness user_bare_flat tightens away.
+    const any_secret = r.collectVisibleAuthors("secret", main_path, .legacy_direct_any);
+    try std.testing.expect(any_secret.own == null);
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 1), any_secret.flat.len);
+}
+
+// Diamond: the SAME author node is reachable over two flat edges. It must
+// collapse to a single entry (dedup by author identity), not appear twice.
+test "resolver: collectVisibleAuthors — diamond imports of one author dedup to one" {
+    var arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(std.testing.allocator);
+    defer arena.deinit();
+    const alloc = arena.allocator();
+
+    // One real fn_decl node, shared between two module indices.
+    var body = ast.Node{ .span = .{ .start = 0, .end = 0 }, .data = .builtin_expr };
+    var shared = ast.Node{
+        .span = .{ .start = 0, .end = 0 },
+        .data = .{ .fn_decl = .{ .name = "shared", .params = &.{}, .return_type = null, .body = &body } },
+    };
+    const ref = imports.rawDeclRefOf(&shared).?;
+
+    var decls = imports.ModuleDecls.init(alloc);
+    inline for (.{ "p1", "p2" }) |path| {
+        var names = std.StringHashMap(resolver.RawDeclRef).init(alloc);
+        try names.put("shared", ref);
+        try decls.put(path, .{ .source = path, .names = names });
+    }
+
+    var flat = Graph.init(alloc);
+    var from_edges = std.StringHashMap(void).init(alloc);
+    try from_edges.put("p1", {});
+    try from_edges.put("p2", {});
+    try flat.put("from", from_edges);
+
+    var idx = ProgramIndex.init(alloc);
+    defer idx.deinit();
+    idx.module_decls = &decls;
+    idx.flat_import_graph = &flat;
+
+    var r = resolver.Resolver.init(&idx, alloc);
+    const set = r.collectVisibleAuthors("shared", "from", .user_bare_flat);
+    try std.testing.expect(set.own == null);
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 1), set.flat.len);
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 1), set.distinctCount());
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(@intFromPtr(&shared.data.fn_decl), @intFromPtr(set.flat[0].raw.fn_decl));
+}
+
+// ── collectNamespaceAuthors ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// Returns a namespace target's members and touches NO graph: the Resolver here
+// has no graphs (or module_decls) wired at all, yet the member is found.
+test "resolver: collectNamespaceAuthors — returns target members, walks no graph" {
+    var arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(std.testing.allocator);
+    defer arena.deinit();
+    const alloc = arena.allocator();
+    const io = testIo();
+
+    var tmp = std.testing.tmpDir(.{});
+    defer tmp.cleanup();
+
+    try tmp.dir.writeFile(io, .{ .sub_path = "point.sx", .data = "Point :: struct { x: s64 }\nhelper :: () -> s64 { 0 }\n" });
+    try tmp.dir.writeFile(io, .{ .sub_path = "main.sx", .data = "g :: #import \"point.sx\";\nmain :: () -> s32 { 0 }\n" });
+
+    var dirbuf: [4096]u8 = undefined;
+    const absdir = dirbuf[0..try tmp.dir.realPath(io, &dirbuf)];
+    const main_path = try std.fmt.allocPrint(alloc, "{s}/main.sx", .{absdir});
+    const point_path = try std.fmt.allocPrint(alloc, "{s}/point.sx", .{absdir});
+
+    var facts = try buildFacts(alloc, io, absdir, main_path);
+
+    const aliases = facts.ns_edges.get(main_path) orelse return error.MissingNsEdges;
+    const target = aliases.get("g") orelse return error.MissingAlias;
+    try std.testing.expectEqualStrings(point_path, target.target_module_path);
+
+    // A Resolver over an EMPTY index — no module_decls, no graphs. If
+    // collectNamespaceAuthors touched a graph it would crash / miss; it doesn't.
+    var idx = ProgramIndex.init(alloc);
+    defer idx.deinit();
+    try std.testing.expect(idx.flat_import_graph == null);
+    try std.testing.expect(idx.import_graph == null);
+    var r = resolver.Resolver.init(&idx, alloc);
+
+    const pt = r.collectNamespaceAuthors(target, "Point");
+    try std.testing.expect(pt.own != null);
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(std.meta.Tag(resolver.RawDeclRef).struct_decl, tag(pt.own.?.raw));
+    try std.testing.expectEqualStrings(point_path, pt.own.?.source);
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), pt.flat.len);
+
+    const hp = r.collectNamespaceAuthors(target, "helper");
+    try std.testing.expect(hp.own != null);
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(std.meta.Tag(resolver.RawDeclRef).fn_decl, tag(hp.own.?.raw));
+
+    const miss = r.collectNamespaceAuthors(target, "Missing");
+    try std.testing.expect(miss.own == null);
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), miss.distinctCount());
+}
+
+// ── visibility predicate (the isNameVisible / isCImportVisible core) ──────
+
+// nameVisibleOverEdges is what isVisible(.user_bare_flat) (=> .flat graph) and
+// the quarantined legacy_direct_any (=> import_graph) run on. They agree on own
+// + flat names and differ ONLY on a namespaced-only name — the byte-identical
+// behavior the adapters preserve vs the over-permissive set they avoid.
+test "resolver: visibility edge-walk — own + flat visible; namespaced-only only under import_graph" {
+    var arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(std.testing.allocator);
+    defer arena.deinit();
+    const alloc = arena.allocator();
+
+    var scopes = Graph.init(alloc);
+    inline for (.{
+        .{ "main", &[_][]const u8{ "selfauthored", "g" } },
+        .{ "a", &[_][]const u8{"dup"} },
+        .{ "p", &[_][]const u8{"secret"} },
+    }) |entry| {
+        var s = std.StringHashMap(void).init(alloc);
+        for (entry[1]) |n| try s.put(n, {});
+        try scopes.put(entry[0], s);
+    }
+
+    // Flat graph: main flat-imports a only. Import graph: main reaches a + p.
+    var flat = Graph.init(alloc);
+    var flat_edges = std.StringHashMap(void).init(alloc);
+    try flat_edges.put("a", {});
+    try flat.put("main", flat_edges);
+
+    var all = Graph.init(alloc);
+    var all_edges = std.StringHashMap(void).init(alloc);
+    try all_edges.put("a", {});
+    try all_edges.put("p", {});
+    try all.put("main", all_edges);
+
+    // Own-scope name: visible regardless of edge set.
+    try std.testing.expect(lower.nameVisibleOverEdges(&scopes, &flat, "main", "selfauthored"));
+    try std.testing.expect(lower.nameVisibleOverEdges(&scopes, &all, "main", "selfauthored"));
+
+    // Flat-imported name: visible under both (the flat edge is in both graphs).
+    try std.testing.expect(lower.nameVisibleOverEdges(&scopes, &flat, "main", "dup"));
+    try std.testing.expect(lower.nameVisibleOverEdges(&scopes, &all, "main", "dup"));
+
+    // Namespaced-only name: NOT visible under the flat set (user_bare_flat),
+    // but visible under the import_graph set (legacy_direct_any).
+    try std.testing.expect(!lower.nameVisibleOverEdges(&scopes, &flat, "main", "secret"));
+    try std.testing.expect(lower.nameVisibleOverEdges(&scopes, &all, "main", "secret"));
+
+    // Unknown name: not visible.
+    try std.testing.expect(!lower.nameVisibleOverEdges(&scopes, &flat, "main", "nope"));
+
+    // Falls open when scoping infra is unwired (null scopes/graph).
+    try std.testing.expect(lower.nameVisibleOverEdges(null, &flat, "main", "secret"));
+    try std.testing.expect(lower.nameVisibleOverEdges(&scopes, null, "main", "secret"));
+}
diff --git a/src/ir/resolver.zig b/src/ir/resolver.zig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7c0c7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ir/resolver.zig
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+//! The unified sx name/type resolver — the shared author-collection layer.
+//!
+//! A read-only facade over the borrowed Phase A import facts on a
+//! `*ProgramIndex` (`module_decls` / `namespace_edges`) and the existing
+//! `import_graph` / `flat_import_graph` views. It OWNS nothing import-derived;
+//! those maps live in `imports.zig`/`core.zig` and are borrowed here, exactly
+//! like `module_fns`.
+//!
+//! Two collectors sit on top of these facts (R5 §1 #1):
+//!   - `collectVisibleAuthors` — own author ∪ the flat-import edge walk. THE one
+//!     graph-walk; the permanent flat-import F-series root.
+//!   - `collectNamespaceAuthors` — a single already-selected namespace target's
+//!     members. NO graph walk.
+//!
+//! Both are RAW and verdict-free: they return who authors a name, not which
+//! author wins. Per-domain selectors (Phase C+) decide eligibility. Nothing
+//! routes resolution through these collectors yet.
+//!
+//! Falsifiable invariant (R5 §1 #1): there is EXACTLY ONE iterator over
+//! `flat_import_graph`/`import_graph` in this file — inside
+//! `collectVisibleAuthors`. `collectNamespaceAuthors` iterates one
+//! `NamespaceTarget.own_decls` slice and touches no graph. This is what keeps
+//! 0102 (callable) and 0105 (type) the SAME cross-module edge-walk.
+
+const std = @import("std");
+const ast = @import("../ast.zig");
+const imports = @import("../imports.zig");
+const program_index = @import("program_index.zig");
+const ProgramIndex = program_index.ProgramIndex;
+
+// ── Raw-fact aliases (defined in imports.zig by buildImportFacts, Phase A) ──
+pub const RawDeclRef = imports.RawDeclRef;
+pub const RawAuthor = imports.RawAuthor;
+pub const NamespaceTarget = imports.NamespaceTarget;
+
+/// Author multiplicity for ONE name as seen from ONE querying module: the
+/// own-module author (tier-2) plus the distinct flat-import authors (tier-3),
+/// diamond-deduped by author identity. RAW — no verdict, no domain, no pick.
+pub const AuthorSet = struct {
+    /// The author declared in the querying module itself, if any.
+    own: ?RawAuthor,
+    /// Distinct flat-import authors. Diamond imports of the SAME author (same
+    /// AST node reached over two edges, e.g. a directory aggregate and one of
+    /// its member files) collapse to a single entry. Always disjoint from `own`.
+    flat: []const RawAuthor,
+
+    /// own + flat, counted by author identity. `flat` is already deduped and
+    /// disjoint from `own`, so this is a plain sum.
+    pub fn distinctCount(self: AuthorSet) usize {
+        return (if (self.own != null) @as(usize, 1) else 0) + self.flat.len;
+    }
+};
+
+/// How a name's cross-module visibility is computed. The author collector and
+/// the lowering-side visibility predicate (`Lowering.isVisible`) both switch on
+/// this single vocabulary.
+pub const VisibilityMode = enum {
+    /// own scope ∪ `flat_import_graph`. The PERMANENT core for bare-name lookup
+    /// under flat imports (Agra constraint) — never a transitional path.
+    user_bare_flat,
+    /// `user_bare_flat` plus the foreign-C gate (today's `isCImportVisible`):
+    /// only C-import `fn_decl`s without a `library_ref` are policed; everything
+    /// else is unconditionally visible.
+    c_import_bare,
+    /// own scope ∪ the TRANSITIVE import relation (specs.md:793-801). Owned by
+    /// `ProtocolResolver.findVisibleImpls`; the single-hop author collector
+    /// never serves it.
+    impl_transitive,
+    /// Registration / lazy lowering: falls open (visible), emits no user
+    /// diagnostic, performs no graph walk.
+    lowering_internal,
+    /// own scope ∪ `import_graph` (flat AND namespaced edges) — an
+    /// over-permissive set. QUARANTINE: reserved for sites PROVEN to be internal
+    /// scans, never a user-facing lookup. Deleted in Phase K.
+    legacy_direct_any,
+};
+
+/// Read-only facade over the borrowed import facts. `alloc` backs the
+/// `AuthorSet.flat` slices the collectors return (the caller owns + frees them).
+pub const Resolver = struct {
+    index: *ProgramIndex,
+    alloc: std.mem.Allocator,
+
+    pub fn init(index: *ProgramIndex, alloc: std.mem.Allocator) Resolver {
+        return .{ .index = index, .alloc = alloc };
+    }
+
+    /// THE single graph-walk in this file (falsifiable invariant, R5 §1 #1):
+    /// the own author declared in `from` ∪ the flat-import authors reachable
+    /// over the edge set `vis` chooses. RAW — selectors decide eligibility, not
+    /// this. `from` is the querying module's source path.
+    ///
+    /// Edge set by mode: `flat_import_graph` for `user_bare_flat`/
+    /// `c_import_bare`; `import_graph` for the quarantined `legacy_direct_any`.
+    /// `impl_transitive` (a transitive closure owned by `findVisibleImpls`) and
+    /// `lowering_internal` (no graph walk) are not single-hop author walks —
+    /// reaching them here is a wiring bug, so we trip loudly.
+    pub fn collectVisibleAuthors(
+        self: *Resolver,
+        name: []const u8,
+        from: []const u8,
+        vis: VisibilityMode,
+    ) AuthorSet {
+        const decls = self.index.module_decls orelse return .{ .own = null, .flat = &.{} };
+
+        const own: ?RawAuthor = blk: {
+            const mod = decls.get(from) orelse break :blk null;
+            const ref = mod.names.get(name) orelse break :blk null;
+            break :blk .{ .raw = ref, .source = mod.source };
+        };
+
+        const graph = (switch (vis) {
+            .user_bare_flat, .c_import_bare => self.index.flat_import_graph,
+            .legacy_direct_any => self.index.import_graph,
+            // findVisibleImpls owns transitive visibility; lowering_internal
+            // performs no graph walk. Neither selects a single-hop edge set.
+            .impl_transitive, .lowering_internal => @panic(
+                "collectVisibleAuthors: vis mode performs no single-hop author walk",
+            ),
+        }) orelse return .{ .own = own, .flat = &.{} };
+
+        const direct = graph.get(from) orelse return .{ .own = own, .flat = &.{} };
+
+        var flat = std.ArrayList(RawAuthor).empty;
+        var it = direct.iterator(); // ← the one graph iterator (invariant)
+        while (it.next()) |kv| {
+            const dep = decls.get(kv.key_ptr.*) orelse continue;
+            const ref = dep.names.get(name) orelse continue;
+            const cand = RawAuthor{ .raw = ref, .source = dep.source };
+            if (sameAuthor(own, cand)) continue; // keep flat disjoint from own
+            if (containsAuthor(flat.items, cand)) continue; // diamond dedup
+            flat.append(self.alloc, cand) catch @panic("collectVisibleAuthors: OOM");
+        }
+        return .{
+            .own = own,
+            .flat = flat.toOwnedSlice(self.alloc) catch @panic("collectVisibleAuthors: OOM"),
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// Container collector for ONE already-selected namespace target. Iterates
+    /// the target's `own_decls` and touches NO import graph (R5 §1 #1). A
+    /// namespace's `own_decls` is name-deduped, so a name has at most one author
+    /// here — returned as `own`, sourced to the target's module path.
+    pub fn collectNamespaceAuthors(
+        self: *Resolver,
+        target: NamespaceTarget,
+        name: []const u8,
+    ) AuthorSet {
+        _ = self;
+        for (target.own_decls) |decl| {
+            const dn = decl.data.declName() orelse continue;
+            if (!std.mem.eql(u8, dn, name)) continue;
+            const ref = imports.rawDeclRefOf(decl) orelse continue;
+            return .{ .own = .{ .raw = ref, .source = target.target_module_path }, .flat = &.{} };
+        }
+        return .{ .own = null, .flat = &.{} };
+    }
+};
+
+/// Author identity is the AST node pointer the `RawDeclRef` wraps; every variant
+/// holds a pointer, so a single `inline else` extracts it.
+fn authorNodePtr(ref: RawDeclRef) usize {
+    return switch (ref) {
+        inline else => |p| @intFromPtr(p),
+    };
+}
+
+fn sameAuthor(a: ?RawAuthor, b: RawAuthor) bool {
+    const aa = a orelse return false;
+    return authorNodePtr(aa.raw) == authorNodePtr(b.raw);
+}
+
+fn containsAuthor(list: []const RawAuthor, b: RawAuthor) bool {
+    for (list) |x| {
+        if (authorNodePtr(x.raw) == authorNodePtr(b.raw)) return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}