diff --git a/examples/217-error-sets.sx b/examples/217-error-sets.sx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12ba87a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/217-error-sets.sx
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Error-set declarations + `error.X` tag values + enum-like `==` typing
+// (ERR step E1.1). A declared `error { ... }` set is a real type with a u32
+// runtime layout; `error.X` is its tag value — the named set when context
+// provides one (membership-checked), else the raw global u32 id. Tags compare
+// with an `error.X` literal or another error-set value. The rejections live in
+// `examples/218-error-set-typing.sx`.
+
+#import "modules/std.sx";
+
+ParseErr :: error { BadDigit, Overflow, Empty }
+
+main :: () -> s32 {
+    c : ParseErr = error.BadDigit;
+    d : ParseErr = error.Overflow;
+    r : s32 = 0;
+    if c == error.BadDigit { r = r + 1; }    // true  -> +1
+    if c == error.Overflow { r = r + 2; }     // false
+    if c == d              { r = r + 4; }     // false (BadDigit != Overflow)
+    if d == error.Overflow { r = r + 8; }     // true  -> +8
+    tag : u32 = error.Empty;                  // u32 context -> raw global tag id
+    if tag != 0 { r = r + 16; }               // tag ids are >= 1 -> +16
+    print("error-set result: {}\n", r);       // -> 25
+    return r;
+}
diff --git a/examples/218-error-set-typing.sx b/examples/218-error-set-typing.sx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..442ae23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/218-error-set-typing.sx
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Error-set value + `==` typing rejections (ERR step E1.1):
+//   - an `error.X` literal must name a tag that is in the destination set,
+//   - an error-set value compares only with an `error.X` tag or another
+//     error-set value; comparing to a raw integer is a type error
+//     (coerce with `xx` to compare the raw id).
+// The positive cases live in `examples/217-error-sets.sx`.
+
+#import "modules/std.sx";
+
+ParseErr :: error { BadDigit, Overflow }
+
+main :: () -> s32 {
+    c : ParseErr = error.NotInSet;   // error: NotInSet not in ParseErr
+    if c == 42 { return 1; }         // error: error-set value vs raw integer
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/ir/lower.zig b/src/ir/lower.zig
index d5be070..54b7709 100644
--- a/src/ir/lower.zig
+++ b/src/ir/lower.zig
@@ -2648,6 +2648,14 @@ pub const Lowering = struct {
             }
         }
 
+        // Error-set equality: an error-set value compares only with an
+        // `error.X` tag literal or another error-set value. Comparing to a raw
+        // integer is a type error (coerce with `xx`). `e == error.X` resolves
+        // X against e's set and validates membership.
+        if (bop.op == .eq or bop.op == .neq) {
+            if (self.tryLowerErrorSetEquality(bop)) |result| return result;
+        }
+
         // Set target_type for null literals to match the other operand's type.
         // This ensures null gets the same LLVM type as the value being compared.
         if (bop.op == .eq or bop.op == .neq) {
@@ -4346,6 +4354,14 @@ pub const Lowering = struct {
     }
 
     fn lowerFieldAccess(self: *Lowering, fa: *const ast.FieldAccess, span: ast.Span) Ref {
+        // `error.X` — an error-tag literal. The `error` keyword in expression
+        // position parses as identifier "error" (E0.2), so `error.X` is a
+        // field access we intercept here. `error` is reserved, so this is
+        // unambiguous (no struct/pack can be named `error`).
+        if (fa.object.data == .identifier and std.mem.eql(u8, fa.object.data.identifier.name, "error")) {
+            return self.lowerErrorTagLiteral(fa.field, span);
+        }
+
         // Pack-arity intercept: `<pack_name>.len` in a pack-fn mono's
         // body resolves to the comptime-known N. The mono doesn't
         // materialise the `[]Any` slice that the inline path used, so
@@ -4718,6 +4734,35 @@ pub const Lowering = struct {
         return self.builder.enumInit(tag, Ref.none, target);
     }
 
+    /// Lower an `error.X` tag literal to its global tag id (a `u32`). When the
+    /// destination context (`target_type`) is a named error set, the value is
+    /// typed as that set and `X`'s membership is validated; otherwise the value
+    /// is the raw `u32` global tag id (per the spec's context rule).
+    fn lowerErrorTagLiteral(self: *Lowering, tag_name: []const u8, span: ast.Span) Ref {
+        const tag_id = self.module.types.internTag(tag_name);
+        if (self.target_type) |t| {
+            if (!t.isBuiltin()) {
+                const info = self.module.types.get(t);
+                if (info == .error_set) {
+                    var in_set = false;
+                    for (info.error_set.tags) |member| {
+                        if (member == tag_id) {
+                            in_set = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (!in_set) {
+                        if (self.diagnostics) |diags| {
+                            diags.addFmt(.err, span, "error tag 'error.{s}' is not in error set '{s}'", .{ tag_name, self.module.types.getString(info.error_set.name) });
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return self.builder.constInt(@as(i64, @intCast(tag_id)), t);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return self.builder.constInt(@as(i64, @intCast(tag_id)), .u32);
+    }
+
     /// Lower a tagged enum construction: .Variant.{ field_inits }
     /// The struct literal provides the payload fields; we wrap them in an enum_init.
     fn lowerTaggedEnumLiteral(
@@ -14838,6 +14883,57 @@ pub const Lowering = struct {
         };
     }
 
+    /// The named error-set TypeId of `node`'s type, or null if not an
+    /// error-set-typed expression.
+    fn errorSetTypeOf(self: *Lowering, node: *const Node) ?TypeId {
+        const t = self.inferExprType(node);
+        if (t.isBuiltin()) return null;
+        return if (self.module.types.get(t) == .error_set) t else null;
+    }
+
+    /// True when `node` is an `error.X` tag literal (`field_access` whose
+    /// object is the `error` keyword, parsed as identifier "error").
+    fn isErrorTagLiteralNode(node: *const Node) bool {
+        if (node.data != .field_access) return false;
+        const obj = node.data.field_access.object;
+        return obj.data == .identifier and std.mem.eql(u8, obj.data.identifier.name, "error");
+    }
+
+    /// Lower `==` / `!=` when an error-set value or `error.X` tag is involved.
+    /// Returns null when neither operand is error-related (general path runs).
+    /// Both operands must be a tag (an `error.X` literal or an error-set value);
+    /// otherwise it's a type error (e.g. comparing a tag to a raw integer).
+    fn tryLowerErrorSetEquality(self: *Lowering, bop: *const ast.BinaryOp) ?Ref {
+        const l_set = self.errorSetTypeOf(bop.lhs);
+        const r_set = self.errorSetTypeOf(bop.rhs);
+        const l_tag = isErrorTagLiteralNode(bop.lhs);
+        const r_tag = isErrorTagLiteralNode(bop.rhs);
+        if (l_set == null and r_set == null and !l_tag and !r_tag) return null;
+
+        const l_ok = l_set != null or l_tag;
+        const r_ok = r_set != null or r_tag;
+        if (!l_ok or !r_ok) {
+            if (self.diagnostics) |diags| {
+                diags.addFmt(.err, bop.lhs.span, "an error-set value compares only with an `error.X` tag or another error-set value; coerce with `xx` to compare the raw id", .{});
+            }
+            return self.builder.constBool(false);
+        }
+
+        // Lower both sides with the set type as context so an `error.X` literal
+        // resolves to it (and validates membership). Two bare tag literals with
+        // no set context lower to global u32 ids (cross-set comparison is OK).
+        const set_ty = l_set orelse r_set;
+        const saved = self.target_type;
+        if (set_ty) |st| self.target_type = st;
+        const lv = self.lowerExpr(bop.lhs);
+        const rv = self.lowerExpr(bop.rhs);
+        self.target_type = saved;
+        return if (bop.op == .eq)
+            self.builder.cmpEq(lv, rv)
+        else
+            self.builder.emit(.{ .cmp_ne = .{ .lhs = lv, .rhs = rv } }, .bool);
+    }
+
     fn binOpSymbol(op: ast.BinaryOp.Op) []const u8 {
         return switch (op) {
             .add => "+",
diff --git a/tests/expected/217-error-sets.exit b/tests/expected/217-error-sets.exit
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7273c0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/expected/217-error-sets.exit
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+25
diff --git a/tests/expected/217-error-sets.txt b/tests/expected/217-error-sets.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a18c8e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/expected/217-error-sets.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+error-set result: 25
diff --git a/tests/expected/218-error-set-typing.exit b/tests/expected/218-error-set-typing.exit
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d00491f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/expected/218-error-set-typing.exit
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1
diff --git a/tests/expected/218-error-set-typing.txt b/tests/expected/218-error-set-typing.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40e2cd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/expected/218-error-set-typing.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+error: error tag 'error.NotInSet' is not in error set 'ParseErr'
+  --> /Users/agra/projects/sx/examples/218-error-set-typing.sx:13:20
+   |
+13 |     c : ParseErr = error.NotInSet;   // error: NotInSet not in ParseErr
+   |                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+error: an error-set value compares only with an `error.X` tag or another error-set value; coerce with `xx` to compare the raw id
+  --> /Users/agra/projects/sx/examples/218-error-set-typing.sx:14:8
+   |
+14 |     if c == 42 { return 1; }         // error: error-set value vs raw integer
+   |        ^