diff --git a/examples/192-pack-non-conform.sx b/examples/192-pack-non-conform.sx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0976d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/192-pack-non-conform.sx
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Feature 1 — a pack argument that doesn't conform to the constraint protocol
+// is a per-position error. `Naked` has no `impl Show`, so passing it to a
+// `..xs: Show` pack is rejected (pointing at the offending argument).
+
+#import "modules/std.sx";
+
+Show :: protocol(T: Type) {
+    get :: (self: *Self) -> T;
+}
+IntBox :: struct { v: s64; }
+impl Show(s64) for IntBox { get :: (self: *IntBox) -> s64 => self.v; }
+
+Naked :: struct { x: s64; }   // intentionally NOT `impl Show`
+
+howmany :: (..xs: Show) -> s64 {
+    return xs.len;
+}
+
+main :: () -> s32 {
+    a := IntBox.{ v = 1 };
+    n := Naked.{ x = 2 };
+    print("{}\n", howmany(a, n));   // `n` does not conform to Show
+    0;
+}
diff --git a/src/ir/lower.zig b/src/ir/lower.zig
index 63433c8..ec66f01 100644
--- a/src/ir/lower.zig
+++ b/src/ir/lower.zig
@@ -3032,6 +3032,29 @@ pub const Lowering = struct {
         return self.protocol_thunk_map.contains(thunk_key);
     }
 
+    /// Does `ty` conform to protocol `p_name` under SOME type-args? Used to
+    /// check protocol-pack elements (`..xs: P`), where each element's
+    /// protocol type-args are inferred from its impl rather than written out.
+    /// Covers plain protocols (`protocol_thunk_map`) and parameterised ones
+    /// (any `param_impl_map` key `P\x00<args>\x00<mangle(ty)>`). An arg already
+    /// of the protocol's own (erased) type trivially conforms.
+    fn packArgConformsTo(self: *Lowering, p_name: []const u8, ty: TypeId) bool {
+        if (self.hasImplPlain(p_name, ty)) return true;
+        // Arg already erased to the protocol struct itself (e.g. `xx a`).
+        if (!ty.isBuiltin()) {
+            const info = self.module.types.get(ty);
+            if (info == .@"struct" and info.@"struct".is_protocol and
+                std.mem.eql(u8, self.module.types.getString(info.@"struct".name), p_name)) return true;
+        }
+        const prefix = std.fmt.allocPrint(self.alloc, "{s}\x00", .{p_name}) catch return false;
+        const suffix = std.fmt.allocPrint(self.alloc, "\x00{s}", .{self.mangleTypeName(ty)}) catch return false;
+        var it = self.param_impl_map.keyIterator();
+        while (it.next()) |k| {
+            if (std.mem.startsWith(u8, k.*, prefix) and std.mem.endsWith(u8, k.*, suffix)) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
     /// Evaluate a compile-time condition for `inline if`.
     /// Handles: `ident == .variant`, `ident != .variant`, `ident == int`, `ident != int`.
     fn evalComptimeCondition(self: *Lowering, node: *const Node) ?bool {
@@ -8586,10 +8609,16 @@ pub const Lowering = struct {
         var pack_arg_types = std.ArrayList(TypeId).empty;
         defer pack_arg_types.deinit(self.alloc);
         var pack_start: usize = call_node.args.len;
+        // Constraint protocol of the pack param (`..xs: P`), if any. The
+        // comptime type-pack `..$args` has no constraint to check.
+        var pack_protocol: ?[]const u8 = null;
         var fi: usize = 0;
         for (fd.params) |p| {
             if (isPackParam(p)) {
                 pack_start = fi;
+                if (p.is_pack and p.type_expr.data == .type_expr) {
+                    pack_protocol = p.type_expr.data.type_expr.name;
+                }
                 break;
             }
             if (fi >= call_node.args.len) break;
@@ -8605,6 +8634,21 @@ pub const Lowering = struct {
             }
         }
 
+        // Per-position conformance: each pack arg must impl the constraint
+        // protocol. Only enforced for a known protocol constraint — an unknown
+        // name (e.g. a plain type used as a pack constraint) is left alone.
+        if (pack_protocol) |proto| {
+            if (self.protocol_ast_map.contains(proto)) {
+                for (call_node.args[pack_start..], pack_arg_types.items) |arg_node, arg_ty| {
+                    if (!self.packArgConformsTo(proto, arg_ty)) {
+                        if (self.diagnostics) |diags| {
+                            diags.addFmt(.err, arg_node.span, "pack argument of type '{s}' does not conform to protocol '{s}'", .{ self.formatTypeName(arg_ty), proto });
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         // Mangle: `<fn_name>__pack__<arg_types>` with comptime values
         // (if any) folded into a `__ct_<value>` segment per non-pack
         // comptime param. Distinct call shapes — including different
diff --git a/tests/expected/192-pack-non-conform.exit b/tests/expected/192-pack-non-conform.exit
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d00491f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/expected/192-pack-non-conform.exit
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1
diff --git a/tests/expected/192-pack-non-conform.txt b/tests/expected/192-pack-non-conform.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7db177d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/expected/192-pack-non-conform.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+error: pack argument of type 'Naked' does not conform to protocol 'Show'
+  --> /Users/agra/projects/sx/examples/192-pack-non-conform.sx:22:30
+   |
+22 |     print("{}\n", howmany(a, n));   // `n` does not conform to Show
+   |                              ^