Files
sx/examples/0152-types-backtick-control-flow.sx
agra 640f59dc54 feat(lang): backtick raw identifier in every binding form + raw-not-a-type + foreign reserved-name fn bare-call [F0.6]
Completes the issue-0089 backtick raw-identifier / `#import c` exemption
across all remaining identifier positions and closes three boundary gaps
the F0.6 review found.

1. Exhaustive raw-binding coverage. The `is_raw` bit now threads through
   `ast.Identifier` and EVERY binding/capture form — `IfExpr`/`WhileExpr`
   optional bindings, `ForExpr` capture + index, `MatchArm` capture,
   `CatchExpr`/`OnFailStmt` tag bindings, `DestructureDecl` per-name, and
   the protocol-default-body / foreign-class method param lists — not just
   `var_decl`/`param`. `UnknownTypeChecker` skips the reserved-name check at
   each arm when raw, so a backtick works in every identifier position while
   a bare reserved spelling still errors (issue 0076 preserved).

2. Raw identifier is never a type. `parseTypeExpr`'s atom rejects a raw
   identifier in type position (`x : `s2 = 1`, `List(`s2)`) with an accurate
   diagnostic instead of silently type-classifying it.

3. Reserved-name function bare-callable. A bare `s2(4)` parses its callee as
   a `.type_expr` (reserved spelling); `lowerCall` now rewrites a type_expr
   callee to an identifier when a function of that name is in scope, so a
   backtick-declared sx fn and a `#import c` foreign fn whose C name collides
   with a reserved type spelling both resolve by their bare name.
   (`TypeName(val)` is not a cast, so there is no ambiguity.)

Tests: examples/0152 (every control-flow/capture form + bare ref/call/member
access), examples/1054 (catch/onfail tag bindings), examples/1139 (raw in
type position rejected), examples/1220 extended (foreign reserved-name
function bare-call). 0076 negatives 1119/1121/1122/1123/1124/1125 stay green.
Gate: zig build + zig build test + 422 examples pass. specs.md + readme.md
updated; issues/0089 RESOLVED banner refreshed.
2026-06-04 18:31:08 +03:00

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// Backtick raw identifier across every control-flow / capture / binding form,
// plus bare later uses. A reserved type-name spelling (`s2`, `u8`, …) works as a
// binding name in a destructure, an `if`/`while` optional binding, a `for`
// capture + index, and a match-arm capture; a backtick-named function is
// bare-callable; and a backtick struct field is bare- or backtick-accessible.
// The escape is needed only at the binding site — a later BARE reference / call
// / member access resolves to the binding. A *bare* binding name is still the
// reserved type (see examples/1121), so the escape is the only way to spell
// these as values.
// Regression (issue 0089 — attempt-2 completeness across binding forms).
#import "modules/std.sx";
pair :: () -> (s64, s64) { (1, 2) }
maybe :: () -> ?s64 { return 42; }
// Function named with a reserved spelling — bare-callable (no backtick at call).
`s2 :: (n: s64) -> s64 { return n + 1; }
Quad :: struct { `s1: s32; `s2: s32; }
main :: () -> s32 {
// destructure binding names
`u8, rest := pair();
print("dstr = {} {}\n", `u8, rest);
// if optional binding + bare-position reference inside the branch
if `s16 := maybe() {
print("if = {}\n", `s16);
}
// while optional binding (name only — the while binding isn't body-exposed)
while `s32 := maybe() {
break;
}
// for capture + index names
xs := [3]s64.{ 10, 20, 30 };
for xs: (`bool, `u16) {
print("for = {} @ {}\n", `bool, `u16);
}
// match-arm capture
opt: ?s64 = 5;
m := if opt == {
case .some: (`string) { `string * 2 }
case .none: { 0 }
};
print("match = {}\n", m);
// backtick function called BARE and via backtick — both resolve to the fn
print("call = {} {}\n", s2(10), `s2(10));
// struct field named with a reserved spelling: bare + backtick member access
q := Quad.{ `s1 = 7, `s2 = 9 };
print("field = {} {} | {} {}\n", q.s1, q.s2, q.`s1, q.`s2);
return 0;
}