sx/library/modules/std/hash.sx

// =====================================================================
// hash.sx — streaming SHA-256 (FIPS 180-4), pure sx.
//
// Content addressing is security-critical, so the digest is computed
// in-process: no shelling out, no platform crypto library. All 32-bit
// word arithmetic is done in s64 and masked back to 32 bits with
// `& MASK32`, so the result is identical regardless of the host's
// native integer width or overflow behaviour.
//
// Zero-heap: the digest path never touches `context.allocator`. The
// hash is a fixed `[64]u8` of lowercase hex returned by value on the
// stack, and file hashing streams the input in fixed-size chunks, so
// peak memory is O(chunk) regardless of file size.
//
// Streaming API (the by-value `init` / `*self` pattern):
//
//     h := hash.init();        // Sha256, stack-local
//     h.update("hello, ");     // absorb across calls
//     h.update("world");
//     digest := h.final();     // [64]u8, 64-char lowercase hex, by value
//
// One-shot convenience:
//
//     digest := hash.sha256_hex("abc");        // [64]u8 by value
//     digest := hash.sha256_file("path\0");    // ?[64]u8, null on I/O error
//
// To print or compare a digest, build a `string` VIEW over it (no copy):
//
//     d := hash.sha256_hex("abc");
//     view := string.{ ptr = @d[0], len = 64 };
// =====================================================================

#import "modules/std.sx";
#import "modules/fs.sx";

// Low 32 bits. SHA-256 is defined over 32-bit words; every add/rotate
// result is masked back through this so the carry never escapes bit 31.
MASK32 :: 0xFFFFFFFF;

// Round constants K[0..63] — the first 32 bits of the fractional parts
// of the cube roots of the first 64 primes (FIPS 180-4 §4.2.2).
K : [64]s64 = .[
    0x428a2f98, 0x71374491, 0xb5c0fbcf, 0xe9b5dba5, 0x3956c25b, 0x59f111f1, 0x923f82a4, 0xab1c5ed5,
    0xd807aa98, 0x12835b01, 0x243185be, 0x550c7dc3, 0x72be5d74, 0x80deb1fe, 0x9bdc06a7, 0xc19bf174,
    0xe49b69c1, 0xefbe4786, 0x0fc19dc6, 0x240ca1cc, 0x2de92c6f, 0x4a7484aa, 0x5cb0a9dc, 0x76f988da,
    0x983e5152, 0xa831c66d, 0xb00327c8, 0xbf597fc7, 0xc6e00bf3, 0xd5a79147, 0x06ca6351, 0x14292967,
    0x27b70a85, 0x2e1b2138, 0x4d2c6dfc, 0x53380d13, 0x650a7354, 0x766a0abb, 0x81c2c92e, 0x92722c85,
    0xa2bfe8a1, 0xa81a664b, 0xc24b8b70, 0xc76c51a3, 0xd192e819, 0xd6990624, 0xf40e3585, 0x106aa070,
    0x19a4c116, 0x1e376c08, 0x2748774c, 0x34b0bcb5, 0x391c0cb3, 0x4ed8aa4a, 0x5b9cca4f, 0x682e6ff3,
    0x748f82ee, 0x78a5636f, 0x84c87814, 0x8cc70208, 0x90befffa, 0xa4506ceb, 0xbef9a3f7, 0xc67178f2,
];

// 32-bit right rotate. `word` must already be masked to 32 bits.
rotr :: (word: s64, n: s64) -> s64 {
    ((word >> n) | (word << (32 - n))) & MASK32
}

big_sigma0 :: (x: s64) -> s64 { rotr(x, 2) ^ rotr(x, 13) ^ rotr(x, 22) }
big_sigma1 :: (x: s64) -> s64 { rotr(x, 6) ^ rotr(x, 11) ^ rotr(x, 25) }
small_sigma0 :: (x: s64) -> s64 { rotr(x, 7) ^ rotr(x, 18) ^ (x >> 3) }
small_sigma1 :: (x: s64) -> s64 { rotr(x, 17) ^ rotr(x, 19) ^ (x >> 10) }

Sha256 :: struct {
    h: [8]s64;          // running hash state (each entry masked to 32 bits)
    buf: [64]u8;        // partial-block buffer
    buf_len: s64;       // bytes currently in `buf` (0..63)
    total_len: s64;     // total bytes absorbed so far

    // Crunch the 64-byte block currently in `buf` into the state.
    process_block :: (self: *Sha256) {
        w : [64]s64 = ---;
        t := 0;
        while t < 16 {
            base := t * 4;
            w[t] = ((cast(s64) self.buf[base]) << 24)
                 | ((cast(s64) self.buf[base + 1]) << 16)
                 | ((cast(s64) self.buf[base + 2]) << 8)
                 |  (cast(s64) self.buf[base + 3]);
            t += 1;
        }
        t = 16;
        while t < 64 {
            w[t] = (small_sigma1(w[t - 2]) + w[t - 7] + small_sigma0(w[t - 15]) + w[t - 16]) & MASK32;
            t += 1;
        }

        a := self.h[0];
        b := self.h[1];
        c := self.h[2];
        d := self.h[3];
        e := self.h[4];
        f := self.h[5];
        g := self.h[6];
        hh := self.h[7];

        t = 0;
        while t < 64 {
            ch := (e & f) ^ (~e & g);
            temp1 := (hh + big_sigma1(e) + ch + K[t] + w[t]) & MASK32;
            maj := (a & b) ^ (a & c) ^ (b & c);
            temp2 := (big_sigma0(a) + maj) & MASK32;
            hh = g;
            g = f;
            f = e;
            e = (d + temp1) & MASK32;
            d = c;
            c = b;
            b = a;
            a = (temp1 + temp2) & MASK32;
            t += 1;
        }

        self.h[0] = (self.h[0] + a) & MASK32;
        self.h[1] = (self.h[1] + b) & MASK32;
        self.h[2] = (self.h[2] + c) & MASK32;
        self.h[3] = (self.h[3] + d) & MASK32;
        self.h[4] = (self.h[4] + e) & MASK32;
        self.h[5] = (self.h[5] + f) & MASK32;
        self.h[6] = (self.h[6] + g) & MASK32;
        self.h[7] = (self.h[7] + hh) & MASK32;
    }

    // Absorb `data`. Safe to call repeatedly; partial blocks are buffered
    // and crunched as soon as 64 bytes accumulate.
    update :: (self: *Sha256, data: string) {
        i := 0;
        while i < data.len {
            self.buf[self.buf_len] = data[i];
            self.buf_len += 1;
            self.total_len += 1;
            if self.buf_len == 64 {
                self.process_block();
                self.buf_len = 0;
            }
            i += 1;
        }
    }

    // Finish: apply FIPS padding and emit the 32-byte digest as 64
    // lowercase hex characters in a stack `[64]u8`, returned by value.
    // The state is consumed by this call. No heap allocation.
    final :: (self: *Sha256) -> [64]u8 {
        bit_len := self.total_len * 8;

        // 0x80 terminator, then zero-pad until 56 bytes mod 64.
        self.buf[self.buf_len] = 0x80;
        self.buf_len += 1;
        if self.buf_len == 64 {
            self.process_block();
            self.buf_len = 0;
        }
        while self.buf_len != 56 {
            self.buf[self.buf_len] = 0;
            self.buf_len += 1;
            if self.buf_len == 64 {
                self.process_block();
                self.buf_len = 0;
            }
        }

        // 64-bit big-endian message length in bits.
        b := 0;
        while b < 8 {
            self.buf[56 + b] = xx ((bit_len >> ((7 - b) * 8)) & 0xFF);
            b += 1;
        }
        self.process_block();
        self.buf_len = 0;

        digest : [64]u8 = ---;
        i := 0;
        while i < 8 {
            word := self.h[i] & MASK32;
            j := 0;
            while j < 4 {
                byte_val := (word >> ((3 - j) * 8)) & 0xFF;
                pos := (i * 4 + j) * 2;
                digest[pos]     = nibble_hex((byte_val >> 4) & 0xF);
                digest[pos + 1] = nibble_hex(byte_val & 0xF);
                j += 1;
            }
            i += 1;
        }
        digest
    }
}

// Lowercase-hex ASCII byte for a 0..15 nibble. 48='0', 97='a'.
nibble_hex :: (n: s64) -> u8 {
    if n < 10 then xx (n + 48) else xx (n - 10 + 97)
}

// Returns the SHA-256 state by value; the caller binds it to a local
// whose address backs the `*self` methods.
init :: () -> Sha256 {
    s : Sha256 = ---;
    s.h[0] = 0x6a09e667;
    s.h[1] = 0xbb67ae85;
    s.h[2] = 0x3c6ef372;
    s.h[3] = 0xa54ff53a;
    s.h[4] = 0x510e527f;
    s.h[5] = 0x9b05688c;
    s.h[6] = 0x1f83d9ab;
    s.h[7] = 0x5be0cd19;
    s.buf_len = 0;
    s.total_len = 0;
    s
}

// One-shot: digest of a single buffer as 64-char lowercase hex,
// returned by value. No heap allocation.
sha256_hex :: (data: string) -> [64]u8 {
    h := init();
    h.update(data);
    h.final()
}

// Digest of a file's contents, returned by value. Streams the file in
// fixed 64KB chunks, so peak memory is O(chunk) even for multi-hundred-
// MB artifacts. Returns null if the file can't be opened. No heap
// allocation: the chunk buffer is a stack array.
sha256_file :: (path: [:0]u8) -> ?[64]u8 {
    handle := open_file(path, .read);
    if handle == null { return null; }
    file := handle!;
    defer file.close();

    h := init();
    chunk : [65536]u8 = ---;
    reading := true;
    while reading {
        n := file.read(string.{ ptr = @chunk[0], len = 65536 });
        if n < 0 { return null; }
        if n == 0 { reading = false; }
        if n > 0 { h.update(string.{ ptr = @chunk[0], len = n }); }
    }
    h.final()
}