sx/examples/0121-types-types.sx

#import "modules/std.sx";
#import "modules/math/math.sx";
#import "modules/compiler.sx";
#import "modules/test.sx";
pkg :: #import "modules/testpkg";

Point :: struct { x, y: s32; }

Color :: enum { red; green; blue; }

Shape :: enum {
    circle: f32;
    rect: struct { w, h: f32; };
    none;
}

Overlay :: union {
    f: f32;
    i: s32;
}

Vec2 :: union {
    data: [2]f32;
    struct { x, y: f32; };
}

Defaults :: struct {
    a: s32;
    b: s32 = 99;
    c: s32 = ---;
}

MyFloat :: f64;

Status :: enum u8 { ok; err; timeout; }

add :: (a: s32, b: s32) -> s32 { a + b }

mul :: (a: s32, b: s32) -> s32 { a * b }

vec3 :: (x: f32, y: f32, z: f32) -> Vector(3, f32) {
    .[x, y, z]
}

// Global variable for address-of test
g_smoke_val : s32 = 42;

write_to_ptr :: (p: *s32) {
    p.* = 99;
}

main :: () {

    // ========================================================
    // 3. TYPE SYSTEM
    // ========================================================
    print("=== 3. Types ===\n");

    // Primitive types
    v_s8 : s8 = 127;
    v_s16 : s16 = 32000;
    v_s32 : s32 = 100000;
    v_u8 : u8 = 255;
    v_u16 : u16 = 65000;
    v_u32 : u32 = 4000000;
    print("s8: {}\n", v_s8);
    print("s16: {}\n", v_s16);
    print("s32: {}\n", v_s32);
    print("u8: {}\n", v_u8);
    print("u16: {}\n", v_u16);
    print("u32: {}\n", v_u32);

    // Type alias
    mf : MyFloat = 1.5;
    print("alias: {}\n", mf);

    // --- Structs ---
    // Positional literal
    p1 : Point = .{ 1, 2 };
    print("struct-pos: {}\n", p1);

    // Type-prefix literal
    p2 := Point.{ 3, 4 };
    print("struct-prefix: {}\n", p2);

    // Named fields
    p3 := Point.{ y=10, x=20 };
    print("struct-named: {}\n", p3);

    // Shorthand (variable name = field name)
    x : s32 = 5;
    y : s32 = 6;
    p4 := Point.{ x, y };
    print("struct-shorthand: {}\n", p4);

    // Field defaults
    d1 : Defaults;
    print("defaults: a={} b={}\n", d1.a, d1.b);

    // Field access and assignment
    p5 := Point.{ 0, 0 };
    p5.x = 42;
    p5.y = 99;
    print("field-assign: {}\n", p5);

    // --- Enum (payload-less) ---
    ec : Color = .red;
    print("enum: {}\n", ec);

    // Enum comparison
    ce1 : Color = .red;
    ce2 : Color = .red;
    ce3 : Color = .blue;
    print("enum-eq: {}\n", ce1 == ce2);
    print("enum-neq: {}\n", ce1 != ce3);

    // Backing type
    st : Status = .err;
    print("backing: {}\n", st);

    // --- Enum (tagged union) ---
    sh : Shape = .circle(3.14);
    print("tagged: {}\n", sh);

    // Payload access
    radius := sh.circle;
    print("payload: {}\n", radius);

    // Void variant
    sh = .none;
    print("void-variant: {}\n", sh);

    // Variant reassignment
    sh = .circle(1.0);
    print("reassign: {}\n", sh);
    sh = .rect(.{ 5, 3 });
    print("reassign2: {}\n", sh);

    // Type-prefix construction
    tp := Shape.circle(2.5);
    print("enum-prefix: {}\n", tp);

    // Pattern matching
    sh2 : Shape = .rect(.{ 5, 3 });
    if sh2 == {
        case .circle: print("match: circle\n");
        case .rect: print("match: rect\n");
        case .none: print("match: none\n");
    }

    // Match as expression
    sh3 : Shape = .circle(1.0);
    ms := if sh3 == {
        case .circle: 10;
        case .rect: 20;
        case .none: 30;
    }
    print("match-expr: {}\n", ms);

    // Match expression with else
    me_val := 42;
    me_res := if me_val == {
        case 1: 10;
        case 2: 20;
        else: 99;
    }
    print("match-expr-else: {}\n", me_res);

    // Payload capture (block form)
    sh4 : Shape = .circle(9.5);
    if sh4 == {
        case .circle: (r) { print("capture: {}\n", r); }
        case .rect: (sz) { print("capture: {}\n", sz); }
        case .none: print("capture: none\n");
    }

    // Payload capture (arrow form)
    sh_ca : Shape = .circle(7.5);
    if sh_ca == {
        case .circle: (r) => print("capture-arrow: {}\n", r);
        case .rect: (sz) => print("capture-arrow: rect\n");
        case .none: print("capture-arrow: none\n");
    }

    // else arm in match
    num := 42;
    if num == {
        case 1: print("else-match: one\n");
        case 2: print("else-match: two\n");
        else: print("else-match: other\n");
    }

    // Integer pattern matching
    code := 2;
    if code == {
        case 1: print("int-match: one\n");
        case 2: print("int-match: two\n");
        case 3: print("int-match: three\n");
    }

    // Integer match with else
    im_code := 99;
    if im_code == {
        case 1: print("int-match-else: one\n");
        case 2: print("int-match-else: two\n");
        else: print("int-match-else: unknown\n");
    }

    // Bool pattern matching
    bm := true;
    if bm == {
        case true: print("bool-match-t: yes\n");
        case false: print("bool-match-t: no\n");
    }
    bm2 := false;
    if bm2 == {
        case true: print("bool-match-f: yes\n");
        case false: print("bool-match-f: no\n");
    }

    // Bool conditional
    flag := true;
    if flag { print("bool: true\n"); }

    // --- Union (untagged) ---
    o : Overlay = ---;
    o.f = 3.14;
    print("union-f: {}\n", o.f);
    // Type punning — read same bits as s32
    print("union-i: {}\n", o.i);

    // Union member promotion
    uv : Vec2 = ---;
    uv.x = 1.0;
    uv.y = 2.0;
    print("promoted-x: {}\n", uv.x);
    print("promoted-data0: {}\n", uv.data[0]);

    // --- Arrays ---
    arr : [5]s32 = .[10, 20, 30, 40, 50];
    print("arr[2]: {}\n", arr[2]);
    print("arr.len: {}\n", arr.len);

    // Array element assignment
    aa : [3]s32 = .[1, 2, 3];
    aa[1] = 99;
    print("arr-assign: {}\n", aa);

    // --- Slices ---
    sl : []s32 = .[1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
    print("sl[0]: {}\n", sl[0]);
    print("sl.len: {}\n", sl.len);

    // Slice element write
    sla : []s32 = .[10, 20, 30];
    sla[1] = 55;
    print("sl-assign: {}\n", sla);

    // Subslicing
    sub := arr[1..4];
    print("sub: {}\n", sub);
    head := arr[..3];
    print("head: {}\n", head);
    tail := arr[2..];
    print("tail: {}\n", tail);

    // Slice of slice
    sos : []s32 = .[10, 20, 30, 40, 50];
    mid := sos[1..4];
    inner := mid[0..2];
    print("slice-of-slice: {}\n", inner);

    // String subslicing
    msg := "hello world";
    print("strsub: {}\n", msg[6..11]);
    print("str-prefix: {}\n", msg[..5]);
    print("str-suffix: {}\n", msg[6..]);

    // --- Pointers ---
    // Address-of global variable
    write_to_ptr(@g_smoke_val);
    print("global-addr-of: {}\n", g_smoke_val);

    pv := Point.{ 10, 20 };
    ptr := @pv;
    print("deref: {}\n", ptr.*);

    // Auto-deref
    print("auto-deref: {}\n", ptr.x);

    // Many-pointer
    mp : [*]s32 = @arr[0];
    print("mp[0]: {}\n", mp[0]);
    print("mp[3]: {}\n", mp[3]);

    // Many-pointer write
    mpw : [5]s32 = .[10, 20, 30, 40, 50];
    mpw_ptr : [*]s32 = @mpw[0];
    mpw_ptr[2] = 99;
    print("mp-write: {}\n", mpw[2]);

    // Pointer-null comparison
    np : *s32 = null;
    print("ptr==null: {}\n", np == null);
    print("ptr!=null: {}\n", np != null);
    np2 := @pv.x;
    print("ptr2==null: {}\n", np2 == null);
    print("ptr2!=null: {}\n", np2 != null);

    // Pointer to nested struct field
    Inner3 :: struct { a: f32; b: f32; c: f32; }
    Outer3 :: struct { key: s32; inner: Inner3; }
    out3 := Outer3.{ key = 42, inner = Inner3.{ a = 1.0, b = 2.0, c = 3.0 } };
    ip3 := @out3.inner;
    print("ptr-nested-field: {} {} {}\n", ip3.a, ip3.b, ip3.c);

    // Store to many-pointer field must not corrupt adjacent memory
    MpHolder :: struct { items: [*]s64; sentinel: s64; }
    mph := MpHolder.{ items = xx 0, sentinel = 42 };
    mph.items = xx 0;
    print("mp-store-sentinel: {}\n", mph.sentinel);

    // --- Vectors ---
    vc := vec3(1, 3, 2);
    print("vec-construct: {}\n", vc);

    va := vec3(1, 2, 3);
    vb := vec3(4, 5, 6);
    print("vec-add: {}\n", va + vb);
    print("vec-sub: {}\n", vec3(5, 5, 5) - vec3(1, 2, 3));
    print("vec-mul: {}\n", vec3(2, 3, 4) * vec3(1, 2, 3));
    print("vec-div: {}\n", vec3(10, 9, 8) / vec3(2, 3, 4));

    print("vec-scalar: {}\n", vec3(1, 3, 2) * 2.0);
    print("vec-neg: {}\n", -vec3(1, 3, 2));

    ve := vec3(10, 20, 30);
    print("vec-x: {}\n", ve.x);
    print("vec-y: {}\n", ve.y);
    print("vec-z: {}\n", ve.z);
    print("vec-idx: {}\n", ve[1]);
}